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\begin{document}

\title{Refined tectonic evolution of the Betic-Rif orogen through integrated
3-D microstructural analysis and Sm-Nd dating of garnet porphyroblasts}



\author[1,1,1,1,1]{Domingo Aerden}%
\author[2,2,2,2,2]{Thomas P Farrell}%
\author[3,3,3,3,3]{Ethan Baxter}%
\author[4,4,4,4,4]{Emily Stewart}%
\author[5,5,5,5,5]{Mohamed L. Bouybaouene}%
\author[6,6,6,6]{Alejandro Ruiz Fuentes}%
\affil[1]{Universidad de Granada, Spain}%
\affil[2]{Boise State University,}%
\affil[3]{Boston College}%
\affil[4]{Yale University}%
\affil[5]{Département de Géologie, Université de Rabat}%
\affil[6]{Universidad de Granada}%


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  \date{June 08, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
High-resolution microstructural analysis of porphyroblast inclusion
trails integrated with Sm-Nd garnet geochronology has provided new
insight into the tectonic history of the Betic-Rif orogen. Three
principal age groups of porphyroblast are demonstrated with distinctly
oriented inclusion-trails. Inclusion-trail curvature axes or `FIA'
(Foliation Inflexion/Intersection Axes) are shown to represent
`fossilized' crenulation axes from which a succession of different
crustal shortening directions can be deduced. The regional consistency
of inclusion-trail orientations and their geometric relationship with
several sets of macroscopic folds reveal the composite character of the
Gibraltar Arc formed by a superposition of different folding directions
and associated lineations. Bulk-garnet ages of 35-22Ma obtained from 5
micaschist samples of the Alpujarride-Sebtide complex (ASC) and of
35-13Ma from 4 micaschists of the Nevado-Filabride complex (NFC) allow
to deduce NNE-SSW directed shortening in the Late Eocene changing to
NW-SE shortening in the early Oligocene, alternating with suborthogonal
NE-SW shortening during the Miocene. These directions can be related to
a major swing in the direction of relative Africa-Iberia plate-motion
known from kinematic modeling of magnetic seafloor anomalies, and
dynamic interference between plate convergence and suborthogonal
`tectonic escape' of the Alboran Domain thereafter. Coupled to
previously established P-T-t paths, the new garnet ages support a common
tectono-metamorphic evolution of the ASC and NFC since the Late Eocene.
However, while the first became exhumed in the Middle-Miocene (15Ma),
the second experienced a re-subduction prior to being exhumed itself
about 5 Myr later.%
\end{abstract}%



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