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\begin{document}

\title{Mapping tidal currents at a shallow tidal channel junction using the
fluvial acoustic tomography system}



\author[1]{Cong Xiao}%
\author[1]{Kiyoshi Kawanishi}%
\author[1]{Ryohei Torigoe}%
\author[1]{Mohamad Basel Al Sawaf}%
\affil[1]{Hiroshima University}%


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  \date{June 09, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
For the first time, we monitored continuous 2D tidal currents at a
shallow tidal junction using the fluvial acoustic tomography (FAT)
system during a period of \textasciitilde{} 34.4 days. The horizontal
distribution and spatiotemporal variation of the tidal velocities were
efficiently estimated by the inverse analysis method, and the
reconstructed velocity patterns agreed well with the recorded acoustic
Doppler current profiler series data. Additionally, the high frequency
observation interval (1-min) used provided us with the opportunity to
detect the rapid processes of the transformation of tidal current
patterns during flood tide at the junction. These results further
demonstrate that FAT is a potent tool for continuously mapping variable
2D tidal currents at shallow tidal junctions. Furthermore, tidal
harmonic analyses of the reconstructed tidal currents were performed to
clarify the nonlinear spatial evolution processes of the variations in
tidal energy, when tides propagated from the estuary to the tidal
junction. The sub-tide species (, ) caused significant fortnightly
variations in the tidal range along the tidal branches. The variations
in the tidal current were dominated by semidiurnal species (D2: , , , ),
followed by diurnal species (D1: , , ) and quarter-diurnal species (D4:
, ). The / amplitude ratios were higher during low river discharge
periods, signifying that the nonlinear tidal distortion varies with
river discharge. River-tide interactions strongly affected tidal
asymmetry. It is believed that this study provides further understanding
of hydrological research in shallow tidal systems.%
\end{abstract}%



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