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\begin{document}

\title{Informing the SWAT model with remote sensing detected vegetation
phenology for improved modeling of ecohydrological processes}



\author[1]{Shouzhi Chen}%
\author[1]{Yongshuo Fu}%
\author[1]{Zhaofei Wu}%
\author[1]{Fanghua Hao}%
\author[1]{Zengchao Hao}%
\author[1]{Yahui Guo}%
\author[1]{Xiaojun Geng}%
\author[1]{Xiao-Yan Li}%
\author[1]{Xuan Zhang}%
\author[2]{Jing Tang}%
\author[3]{Vijay P Singh}%
\author[4]{Xuesong Zhang}%
\affil[1]{Beijing Normal University}%
\affil[2]{Lund University}%
\affil[3]{Texas A\&M University}%
\affil[4]{Pacific Northwest National Lab}%


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  \date{June 13, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model has been widely applied
for simulating the water cycle and quantifying the influence of climate
change and anthropogenic activities on hydrological processes. A major
uncertainty of SWAT stems from poor representation of vegetation
dynamics due to the use of a simplistic vegetation growth and
development module. Using long-term remote sensing-based phenological
data, we improved the SWAT model's vegetation module by adding a dynamic
growth start date and the dynamic heat requirement for vegetation growth
rather than using constant values. We verified the new SWAT model in the
Han River basin, China, and found its performance was much improved in
comparison with that of the original SWAT model. Specifically, the
accuracy of the leaf area index (LAI) simulation improved notably
(coefficient of determination (R\textsuperscript{2}) increased by 0.193,
Nash--Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) increased by 0.846, and percent bias
decreased by 42.18\%), and that of runoff simulation improved modestly
(R\textsuperscript{2} increased by 0.05 and NSE was similar).
Additionally, we found that the original SWAT model substantially
underestimated evapotranspiration (Penman--Monteith method) in
comparison with the new SWAT model (65.09 mm (or 22.17\%) for forests,
92.27 mm (or 32\%) for orchards, and 96.16 mm (or 36.4 \%) for
farmland), primarily due to the inaccurate representation of LAI
dynamics. Our results suggest that accurate representation of
phenological dates in the vegetation growth module is important for
improving the SWAT model performance in terms of estimating terrestrial
water and energy balance.%
\end{abstract}%



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\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`essoar.10511536.1.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/555556/articles/606082-informing-the-swat-model-with-remote-sensing-detected-vegetation-phenology-for-improved-modeling-of-ecohydrological-processes}

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