\documentclass[10pt]{article}

\usepackage{fullpage}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{parskip}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage[section]{placeins}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{breakcites}
\usepackage{lineno}
\usepackage{hyphenat}





\PassOptionsToPackage{hyphens}{url}
\usepackage[colorlinks = true,
            linkcolor = blue,
            urlcolor  = blue,
            citecolor = blue,
            anchorcolor = blue]{hyperref}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\patchcmd\@combinedblfloats{\box\@outputbox}{\unvbox\@outputbox}{}{%
  \errmessage{\noexpand\@combinedblfloats could not be patched}%
}%
\makeatother


\usepackage{natbib}




\renewenvironment{abstract}
  {{\bfseries\noindent{\abstractname}\par\nobreak}\footnotesize}
  {\bigskip}

\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{*3}{*1}
\titlespacing{\subsection}{0pt}{*2}{*0.5}
\titlespacing{\subsubsection}{0pt}{*1.5}{0pt}


\usepackage{authblk}


\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[space]{grffile}
\usepackage{latexsym}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{tabulary}
\usepackage{booktabs,array,multirow}
\usepackage{amsfonts,amsmath,amssymb}
\providecommand\citet{\cite}
\providecommand\citep{\cite}
\providecommand\citealt{\cite}
% You can conditionalize code for latexml or normal latex using this.
\newif\iflatexml\latexmlfalse
\providecommand{\tightlist}{\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%

\AtBeginDocument{\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf,.PDF,.eps,.EPS,.png,.PNG,.tif,.TIF,.jpg,.JPG,.jpeg,.JPEG}}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[ngerman,english]{babel}



\usepackage{float}








\begin{document}

\title{Southern Ocean control of near-term global warming rates in climate
models}



\author[1]{So-Jung Shin}%
\author[2]{Sang-Wook Yeh}%
\author[1]{Soon-Il An}%
\author[3]{Noel Keenlyside}%
\author[4]{Shang-Ping Xie}%
\author[5]{Jae-Heung Park}%
\affil[1]{Yonsei University}%
\affil[2]{Hanyang University, ERICA}%
\affil[3]{Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research}%
\affil[4]{UCSD}%
\affil[5]{Pohang University of Science and Technology}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 25, 2024}


\begingroup
\let\center\flushleft
\let\endcenter\endflushleft
\maketitle
\endgroup





\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
Global warming will soon reach the Paris Agreement targets of 1.5C\selectlanguage{ngerman}°/2°C
temperature increase. Under a business-as-usual scenario, the time to
reach these targets varies widely among climate models. Using Coupled
Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 and 6, we show that a 2°C
near-future global warming rate is determined by Southern Ocean (SO)
state closely tied with a low-level cloud (LLC) amount feedback strength
during the reference (1861-1900) period; climate models with cold SO
tend to accompany more low-level cloudiness and Antarctic sea ice
concentration due to a strong LLC amount feedback. Consequently,
initially cold SO models tend to simulate a fast near-future warming
rate by absorbing more downward shortwave radiation compared to
initially warm SO models because more LLC disappears due to a strong LLC
amount feedback during the 2°C rise. Our results demonstrate that
climate models that correctly simulate initial SO state can improve
near-future projections with reduced uncertainties.%
\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{ngerman}%



\sloppy


\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`essoar.10512551.1.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/554561/articles/605676-southern-ocean-control-of-near-term-global-warming-rates-in-climate-models}

\selectlanguage{english}
\FloatBarrier
\end{document}

