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\begin{document}

\title{Canada Basin hydrography in the CESM-LE and observations: implications
for vertical ocean heat transport in a transitioning sea ice cover}



\author[1]{Juliette Lavoie}%
\author[1]{Bruno Tremblay}%
\author[2]{Erica Rosenblum}%
\affil[1]{McGill University}%
\affil[2]{University of Manitoba}%


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  \date{May 15, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
In recent years, there has been a significant sea ice retreat in the
Pacific sector of the Arctic. One possible cause is the increase in
ocean heat flux amplified by the ice-albedo feedback. This paper looks
at vertical ocean heat transport from waters of Pacific origin and solar
heat into the mixed layer and their impact on the sea ice mass balance
in the Community Earth System Model - Large Ensemble (CESM-LE). To this
end, we focus on two specific periods with observational hydrographic
data from the Arctic Ice Dynamics Joint Experiment (1975-76) and
Ice-Tethered Profiler (2004-2018). A comparison between simulated and
observed salinity and potential temperature profiles highlights two key
model biases in all ensemble members: an absence of Pacific Waters in
the water column and a deepening of the winter mixed layer in opposition
to observations that show a reduction in depth of the mixed layer and a
stronger increase in stratification. Results from a one-dimensional
vertical heat budget show that remnant solar heat trapped beneath the
halocline is mostly ventilated to the surface by mixing before the
following melt season, while vertical advection associated with Ekman
pumping, even in early fall when the winds are strong and the pack-ice
weak, only has a small effect on the vertical heat transport.
Furthermore, we estimate from the 1D heat budget a reduction of 1.4 m
winter ice growth over three years (the residence time of ice in the
Beaufort Gyre) associated with the missing Pacific Waters.%
\end{abstract}%



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