\documentclass[10pt]{article}

\usepackage{fullpage}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{parskip}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage[section]{placeins}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{breakcites}
\usepackage{lineno}
\usepackage{hyphenat}





\PassOptionsToPackage{hyphens}{url}
\usepackage[colorlinks = true,
            linkcolor = blue,
            urlcolor  = blue,
            citecolor = blue,
            anchorcolor = blue]{hyperref}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\patchcmd\@combinedblfloats{\box\@outputbox}{\unvbox\@outputbox}{}{%
  \errmessage{\noexpand\@combinedblfloats could not be patched}%
}%
\makeatother


\usepackage{natbib}




\renewenvironment{abstract}
  {{\bfseries\noindent{\abstractname}\par\nobreak}\footnotesize}
  {\bigskip}

\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{*3}{*1}
\titlespacing{\subsection}{0pt}{*2}{*0.5}
\titlespacing{\subsubsection}{0pt}{*1.5}{0pt}


\usepackage{authblk}


\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[space]{grffile}
\usepackage{latexsym}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{tabulary}
\usepackage{booktabs,array,multirow}
\usepackage{amsfonts,amsmath,amssymb}
\providecommand\citet{\cite}
\providecommand\citep{\cite}
\providecommand\citealt{\cite}
% You can conditionalize code for latexml or normal latex using this.
\newif\iflatexml\latexmlfalse
\providecommand{\tightlist}{\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%

\AtBeginDocument{\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf,.PDF,.eps,.EPS,.png,.PNG,.tif,.TIF,.jpg,.JPG,.jpeg,.JPEG}}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[ngerman,english]{babel}



\usepackage{float}








\begin{document}

\title{The Composition of \textasciitilde{}96 keV W+ in Saturn's Magnetosphere}



\author[1,1]{Stephen Christon}%
\author[2,2]{Robert DiFabio}%
\author[3,3]{Douglas Hamilton}%
\author[4,4]{Donald Mitchell}%
\author[4,4]{Tom Krimigis}%
\affil[1]{Focused Analysis \& Research}%
\affil[2]{University of Maryland. University of Louisiana}%
\affil[3]{University of Maryland}%
\affil[4]{JHU/APL}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 20, 2024}


\begingroup
\let\center\flushleft
\let\endcenter\endflushleft
\maketitle
\endgroup





\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
The plumes of Enceladus produce a cloud of neutral H2O molecules and,
via dissociation, OH and O. These neutrals are ionized by charge
exchange, solar UV, and electron impacts, producing the thermal water
group ions W+ (O+, OH+, H2O+, and H3O+) which become energized in
Saturn's magnetosphere. We first separate the components of energetic
(\textasciitilde{}96 keV) W+ using Cassini Charge-Energy-Mass
Spectrometer (CHEMS) data from 78 near equatorial main ring current
passes (dipole L = 7-16, \selectlanguage{ngerman}±10° in latitude) in 2004-2010. We find
\textasciitilde{}53\% O+, \textasciitilde{}22\% OH+,
\textasciitilde{}22\% H2O+, and \textasciitilde{}3\% H3O+ when averaged
over L = 7-16, resulting in a mean water group mass of 16.7 amu. At 7
\textless{} L \textless{} 21, we find abundance ratios for O+/W+,
OH+/W+, and H2O+/W+ that vary little with L. However, while H3O+/W+ is
nearly constant at L \textgreater{} 13, H3O+/W+ tends to increase
persistently at L \textless{} \textasciitilde{}10. The large O+
abundance qualitatively agrees with the broad atomic O cloud observed by
Cassini and predicted by some models. Our observation of H2O+/W+
\textgreater{} \textasciitilde{}20\% out to L \textasciitilde{} 21
suggests that neutral H2O spreads throughout the magnetosphere rather
than being confined to a narrow H2O torus centered on Enceladus' orbit.%
\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{ngerman}%



\sloppy




\selectlanguage{english}
\FloatBarrier
\end{document}

