Tidal analysis provides a cost-effective way of estimating aquifer
properties. Tidal response models that link aquifer properties with
tidal signal characteristics, such as phase and amplitude, have been
established in previous studies, but none of the previous models
incorporate the skin effect. It is found in this study that the skin
effect and the wellbore storage effect can have significant influence on
the results of tidal analysis and should be included in tidal response
models. New models are proposed with skin and wellbore storage effects
fully incorporated, so that aquifer information can be assessed more
accurately based on tidal analysis. The models can be applied to
confined aquifers with only horizontal flow or semiconfined aquifers
with both horizontal flow and vertical flow. For confined aquifers, the
new model indicates that positive skin leads to larger phase lag between
the tidal response the the theoretical tide, and negative skin can
reduce the phase lag or even cause a phase advance. For semiconfined
aquifers, both the skin effect and the vertical flow affect the phase
difference between the tidal response and the theoretical tide, and with
the proposed model, contribution from these two sources can be separated
and analyzed independently, making it feasible to evaluate semiconfined
aquifer properties considering both factors. Increasing wellbore storage
causes larger phase lag or smaller phase advance for both types of
aquifers. Real-world examples for confined and semiconfined aquifers are
analyzed respectively to demonstrate practical applications of the
proposed models.