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\begin{document}

\title{Slow-to-Fast Deformation in Mafic Fault Rocks on an Active Low-Angle
Normal Fault, Woodlark Rift, SE Papua New Guinea}



\author[1]{Marcel Mizera}%
\author[2]{Timothy Little}%
\author[2]{Carolyn Boulton}%
\author[3]{David John Prior}%
\author[4]{Emma Jane Watson}%
\author[5]{James B. Biemiller}%
\author[6]{Joseph White}%
\author[7]{Norio Shigematsu}%
\affil[1]{Utrecht University}%
\affil[2]{Victoria University of Wellington}%
\affil[3]{University of Otago}%
\affil[4]{GNS Science}%
\affil[5]{University of Texas at Austin}%
\affil[6]{University of New Brunswick}%
\affil[7]{Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology}%


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  \date{May 27, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Slip on the active Mai'iu low-angle normal fault in Papua New Guinea
that dips 15--24\selectlanguage{ngerman}° at the surface has exhumed in its footwall a single,
continuous fault surface across a \textgreater{}25 km-wide dome. Derived
from a metabasaltic protolith, the fault zone consists of a \selectlanguage{english}[?]3 m-thick
zone of gouges and cataclasites that overprint a structurally underlying
carapace of extensional mylonites. Detailed microstructural and
geochemical data, combined with chlorite-based geothermometry, reveal
changing deformation processes and conditions in the Mai'iu fault rocks
as they were exhumed. The microstructure of non-plastically deformed
actinolite grains inherited from the fine-grained (6--35 \selectlanguage{greek}µ\selectlanguage{english}m) basaltic
protolith indicate that shearing at depth was controlled by diffusion
creep accompanied by grain-boundary sliding of these grains together
with chlorite neo-crystallization at T[?]270--370\selectlanguage{ngerman}°C. In a foliated
cataclasite unit at shallower crustal levels (T\selectlanguage{english}[?]150--270degC),
fluid-assisted mass transfer and metasomatic reactions accommodated
aseismic, distributed shearing; pseudotachylites and ultracataclasites
in the same unit indicate that such creep was punctuated by episodes of
seismic slip---after which creep resumed. At the shallowest levels
(T\selectlanguage{english}[?]150degC), gouges contain abundant saponite, a frictionally weak mineral
that promotes creep on the shallowest-dipping (\selectlanguage{english}[?]24deg), most poorly
oriented part of the Mai'iu fault. Our field, microstructural and
geochemical data of freshly exhumed fault rocks support geodetic,
seismological, and geomorphic evidence for mixed seismic-to-aseismic
slip on this active low-angle normal fault.%
\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{ngerman}%



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