Figure 1. The distribution of the field-aligned currents associated with a dynamo under a magnetic arcade, producing a two-ribbon flare (Akasofu and Lee 2019; Courtesy of G. S. Choe).
Conclusive Remarks
Therefore, it seems that the proposed field-aligned currents along magnetic loops in the corona can ionize hydrogen atoms and Fe atoms in the middle level of the corona.
7
At this point, it is difficult to speculate how and where the
expected double layer might form. One possibility is a
prominent discontinuity of the electron density at about the height of 2 x 103 km from the photosphere, where the electron
density varies from 1010/ cm3 to 109 cm3 within almost the
same height (Aschwanden, 2005, his figure 1.19, p.24). The
above estimates of ionization rate q is made by keeping in mind this discontinuity region.
It is hoped that this paper will be useful in investigating a new
way of considering the high temperature of the whole corona.