\documentclass[10pt]{article}

\usepackage{fullpage}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{parskip}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage[section]{placeins}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{breakcites}
\usepackage{lineno}
\usepackage{hyphenat}





\PassOptionsToPackage{hyphens}{url}
\usepackage[colorlinks = true,
            linkcolor = blue,
            urlcolor  = blue,
            citecolor = blue,
            anchorcolor = blue]{hyperref}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\patchcmd\@combinedblfloats{\box\@outputbox}{\unvbox\@outputbox}{}{%
  \errmessage{\noexpand\@combinedblfloats could not be patched}%
}%
\makeatother


\usepackage{natbib}




\renewenvironment{abstract}
  {{\bfseries\noindent{\abstractname}\par\nobreak}\footnotesize}
  {\bigskip}

\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{*3}{*1}
\titlespacing{\subsection}{0pt}{*2}{*0.5}
\titlespacing{\subsubsection}{0pt}{*1.5}{0pt}


\usepackage{authblk}


\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[space]{grffile}
\usepackage{latexsym}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{tabulary}
\usepackage{booktabs,array,multirow}
\usepackage{amsfonts,amsmath,amssymb}
\providecommand\citet{\cite}
\providecommand\citep{\cite}
\providecommand\citealt{\cite}
% You can conditionalize code for latexml or normal latex using this.
\newif\iflatexml\latexmlfalse
\providecommand{\tightlist}{\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%

\AtBeginDocument{\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf,.PDF,.eps,.EPS,.png,.PNG,.tif,.TIF,.jpg,.JPG,.jpeg,.JPEG}}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[ngerman,english]{babel}



\usepackage{float}








\begin{document}

\title{Geostrophy assessment and momentum balance of the global oceans in a
tide- and eddy-resolving model}



\author[1,1]{Xiaolong Yu}%
\author[1,1]{Aurelien L.S. Ponte}%
\author[2,2]{Noé Lahaye}%
\author[3,3]{Zoé Caspar-Cohen}%
\author[4,4]{Dimitris Menemenlis}%
\affil[1]{Ifremer}%
\affil[2]{Inria \& IRMAR, campus universitaire de Beaulieu}%
\affil[3]{Ifremer-LOPS}%
\affil[4]{Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 22, 2024}


\begingroup
\let\center\flushleft
\let\endcenter\endflushleft
\maketitle
\endgroup





\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
The future wide-swath satellite altimeters, such as the upcoming Surface
Water Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission, will provide instantaneous 2D
measurements of sea level down to the spatial scale of O(10 km) for the
first time. However, the validity of the geostrophic assumption for
estimating surface currents from these instantaneous maps is not known a
priori. In this study, we quantify the accuracy of geostrophy for the
estimation of surface currents from a knowledge of instantaneous sea
level using the hourly snapshots from a tide- and eddy-resolving global
numerical simulation. Geostrophic balance is found to be the
leading-order balance in frontal regions characterized by large kinetic
energy, such as the western boundary currents and the Antarctic
Circumpolar Current. Everywhere else, geostrophic approximation ceases
to be a useful predictor of ocean velocity, which may result in
significant high-frequency contamination of geostrophically computed
velocities by fast variability (e.g., inertial and higher). As expected,
the validity of geostrophy is shown to improve at low frequencies
(typically\$\textless{}\$0.5 cpd). Global estimates of the horizontal
momentum budget reveal that the tropical and mid-latitude regions where
geostrophic balance fails are dominated by fast variability and
turbulent stress divergence terms rather than higher-order geostrophic
terms. These findings indicate that the estimation of velocity from
geostrophy applied on SWOT instantaneous sea level maps may be
challenging away from energetic areas.%
\end{abstract}%



\sloppy




\selectlanguage{english}
\FloatBarrier
\end{document}

