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\begin{document}

\title{Seven decades of neutron monitors (1951--2019): Overview and evaluation
of data sources}



\author[1]{Pauli Kalervo Väisänen}%
\author[1]{Ilya Usoskin}%
\author[1]{Kalevi Mursula}%
\affil[1]{University of Oulu}%


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  \date{June 17, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
The worldwide network of neutron monitors (NMs) is the primary
instrument to study cosmic-ray variability on time scales of up to 70
years. Since the 1950s, 147 NMs with publicly available data have been
in operation, and their records are archived in and distributed through
different repositories and data sources. A comprehensive analysis of all
available NM datasets (300 datasets from 147 NMs) is performed here to
check the quality and consistency of the data. The data sources include
World Data Center for Cosmic Rays (WDCCR), the Neutron Monitor Database
(NMDB), the Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and
Radiowave Propagation (IZMIRAN) and individual station/institution
databases. It was found that The data from the same NM can be
non-identical and of different quality in different sources. We give and
tabulate here a recommendation for the optimal data source of each NM.
We also present here a list of 29 `prime' stations with the longest and
most reliable data. Verified datasets for these prime stations are
provided as supplementary information.%
\end{abstract}%



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