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\begin{document}

\title{Evolution of the oligotrophic West Pacific Warm Pool during the Pliocene}



\author[1]{Himanshu Bali}%
\author[2]{Anil K Gupta}%
\author[3]{Kuppusamy Mohan}%
\author[4]{Kaustubh Thirumalai}%
\author[5]{Sameer K Tiwari}%
\author[6]{Mruganka K Panigrahi}%
\affil[1]{IIT Kharagpur}%
\affil[2]{Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur}%
\affil[3]{VIT University Chennai Campus}%
\affil[4]{University of Arizona}%
\affil[5]{Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology}%
\affil[6]{Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur}%


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  \date{May 26, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
This study investigates the timing of development of the oligotrophic
conditions and thickening of the West Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP) during
the Pliocene. It has been hypothesized that the evolution of the WPWP
and the establishment of equatorial Pacific zonal gradients are closely
related to the narrowing of the Indonesian seaway (IS) as well as the
closure of the Panama gateway; however, the timing of these events
remain debated. Here we analysed planktic foraminiferal abundances
combined with stable oxygen and carbon isotope ratios since the Pliocene
at ODP Hole 807A, western Pacific and DSDP Site 214, eastern Indian
Ocean. A comparison of the population of mixed-layer species (MLS) from
both study sites shows a significant increase between
\textasciitilde{}3.15 and 1.6 Ma. On the contrary, shows a decrease in
its population during this time, indicating oligotrophic conditions in
the western tropical Pacific. The dC ratio of epibenthic foraminiferal
species shows a decreasing trend from \textasciitilde{}3.15 to
\textasciitilde{}2.0 Ma, indicating the lowering of productivity during
this interval. Our data suggest that the WPWP developed
\textasciitilde{}3.15 Ma and was closely linked to the gradual closure
of the IS.%
\end{abstract}%



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