Models Land model Phenology/Spring onset
ACCESS-ESM1-5 CABLE2.4 The phenology phase is prescribed by latitude and vegetation type and based on remote sensing data.
CMCC-ESM2 CLM4.5 BGC Spring onset of deciduous plant functional types (PFT) depends on environmental factors: growing degree day (GDD) accumulation for seasonal deciduous PFTs; GDD, chilling, and soil moisture accumulation for stress deciduous PFTs (GDD exceeds a critical threshold if chilling exceeds 15 days; soil water potential exceeds the critical threshold for more than 15 days; daylength is over 6 hours).
CNRM-ESM2-1 Surfex 8.0c Phenology is modeled implicitly: LAI follows the variations of leaf biomass.
EC-Earth3-CC HTESSEL and LPJ-GUESS v4 Spring onset is based on a simple temperature model (TAS>5℃); grasses can shed their leaves under conditions of severe water stress.
IPSL-CM6A-LR
ORCHIDEE (v2.0)
Spring onset of deciduous PFTs depends on environmental factors: GDD and chilling requirements for cold deciduous PFTs while GDD, chilling, and soil water criteria for stress deciduous PFTs.
KIOST-ESM Land Model version 3.0 (LM3.0) Phenology is governed by monthly environmental triggers: onset is triggered when mean monthly canopy air temperature is above 10°C and the mean monthly plant-available soil water in the root zone is more than 10% of its maximum possible value.
MIROC-ES2L MATSIRO6.0+VISIT-e ver.1.0 Leaf onset is based on cumulative temperature (no explicit water effect).