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\begin{document}

\title{Measuring Very Small Soil Fluxes of N2O \& CH4 using a New OF-CEAS
Technology}



\author[1]{George Burba}%
\author[1]{Israel Begashaw}%
\author[1]{Graham Leggett}%
\author[1]{Kristen Minish}%
\author[1]{Liukang Xu}%
\affil[1]{LI-COR Biosciences}%


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  \date{May 19, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
N\textsubscript{2}O and CH\textsubscript{4} soil flux studies
traditionally consider certain time periods and certain ecosystems to be
of low importance due to very small or negligible expected flux rates.
Periods of such ``negligible'' fluxes are rarely reported because small
fluxes are hard to resolve, measurements are costly, time-consuming, and
often take a lot of power. ``Negligible'' flux sites are also rarely
studied because small fluxes are hard to resolve, measurements are
time-consuming and costly, and it is hard to get funding to measure
something when the error bars cross zero. However, such fluxes may not
be negligible in time when multiplied by long time duration, for
example, 340 out of 365 days per year. Similarly, these may not be
negligible in space when multiplied by a large area. When GHG budgets
are of interest, very small fluxes multiplied by hundreds of days or
square kilometers, or both, could easily exceed large fluxes multiplied
by few days or square kilometers. The new OF-CAES technology {[}1-7{]}
has very low minimum detectable flux which may help make more of such
measurements valuable and valid in both time and space. The presentation
will demonstrate the field data on the N\textsubscript{2}O and
CH\textsubscript{4} soil flux performance of this new technology.
Conceptual simulations will demonstrate the significant advantages of
using the technology when measuring small N\textsubscript{2}O and
CH\textsubscript{4} fluxes over time and space. References: {[}1{]}
Burba, 2021. Eddy Covariance Method for Scientific, Regulatory, and
Commercial Applications. LI-COR Biosciences, 660 pp (under review)
{[}2{]} Burba, 2021. Atmospheric Flux Measurements. In Advances in
Spectroscopic Monitoring of the Atmosphere. Elsevier Science, 618 pp
{[}3{]} Koulikov and Kachanov, 2014. Laser-based cavity-enhanced optical
absorption gas analyzer with laser feedback optimization. US Patent
8659758 {[}4{]} Leggett et al, 2019. Development of Trace
CH\textsubscript{4} and CO\textsubscript{2} Analyzers: Performance
Evaluation Studies, GCWerks Integration, and Field Results. AGUFM
{[}5{]} Minish et al, 2019. New High-Precision Low-Power
CO\textsubscript{2} and CH\textsubscript{4} Analyzers for Multiple
Applications. Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 21 {[}6{]} Romanini
et al, 2014. Introduction to cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy. In
Cavity-Enhanced Spectroscopy and Sensing. Springer, 546 pp {[}7{]} Xu et
al, 2020. How do soil temperature and moisture regulate
N\textsubscript{2}O flux from an urban lawn? AGUFM%
\end{abstract}%



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