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\author[1]{Nithin Kumar}%
\author[1]{Prabhakaran Ramya Bala}%
\author[2]{Diptimayee Behera}%
\author[2]{Ambili Anoop}%
\author[3]{Raman Sukumar}%
\affil[1]{National Institute of Advanced Studies}%
\affil[2]{Indian Institute of Science Education and Research}%
\affil[3]{Indian Institute of Science}%


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  \date{May 24, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
A major fire raged through the dry tropical forests of Bandipur Tiger
Reserve, a `biodiversity hotspot' in southern India, in February 2019.
The fire occurred in patches, burning \textgreater{}10,000 acres of
forest, becoming one of the largest forest fires in India in recent
times. Very few studies have been able to capture the dynamics of fire
proxies from an active surface fire, especially in the dry tropics. We
opportunistically sampled two wetlands roughly sandwiched between the
largest and the second-largest burnt patches a week after the fire was
extinguished. We collected surface samples from each wetland and looked
at popular fire proxies -- macrocharcoal, microcharcoal,
microcharcoal/pollen (C/P) ratio and the abundance and distribution of
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). Macrocharcoal counts were low
(mean \textasciitilde{}5), while the C/P ratio was \textasciitilde{}1.
Low Molecular Weight (LMW) PAH molecules Phenanthrene, Anthracene,
Fluoranthene and Pyrene were found in both sites, while High Molecular
Weight (HMW) PAHs were only found in one. None of the proxies is
particularly indicative of the large surface fire that occurred
\textasciitilde{}15 km away. Analysis of wind speed and direction from
weather station data and forward and backward HYSPLIT model trajectories
tell us that both wetlands were not downstream of the smoke plume. There
was also no recorded precipitation between the fire event and the
sampling date. Through this opportunistic study of fire proxies, we show
that wind direction and wet scavenging are essential factors determining
the transport and deposition of fire proxies in this environment. Hence
reconstruction of fire histories should be done using multi-site data
since the absence of fire proxies does not equate to the absence of
fire.%
\end{abstract}%



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