\documentclass[10pt]{article}

\usepackage{fullpage}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{parskip}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage[section]{placeins}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{breakcites}
\usepackage{lineno}
\usepackage{hyphenat}





\PassOptionsToPackage{hyphens}{url}
\usepackage[colorlinks = true,
            linkcolor = blue,
            urlcolor  = blue,
            citecolor = blue,
            anchorcolor = blue]{hyperref}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\patchcmd\@combinedblfloats{\box\@outputbox}{\unvbox\@outputbox}{}{%
  \errmessage{\noexpand\@combinedblfloats could not be patched}%
}%
\makeatother


\usepackage{natbib}




\renewenvironment{abstract}
  {{\bfseries\noindent{\abstractname}\par\nobreak}\footnotesize}
  {\bigskip}

\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{*3}{*1}
\titlespacing{\subsection}{0pt}{*2}{*0.5}
\titlespacing{\subsubsection}{0pt}{*1.5}{0pt}


\usepackage{authblk}


\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[space]{grffile}
\usepackage{latexsym}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{tabulary}
\usepackage{booktabs,array,multirow}
\usepackage{amsfonts,amsmath,amssymb}
\providecommand\citet{\cite}
\providecommand\citep{\cite}
\providecommand\citealt{\cite}
% You can conditionalize code for latexml or normal latex using this.
\newif\iflatexml\latexmlfalse
\providecommand{\tightlist}{\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%

\AtBeginDocument{\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf,.PDF,.eps,.EPS,.png,.PNG,.tif,.TIF,.jpg,.JPG,.jpeg,.JPEG}}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[ngerman,english]{babel}



\usepackage{float}








\begin{document}

\title{Dissipation and Bathymetric Sensitivities in an Unstructured Mesh Global
Tidal Model}



\author[1]{Coleman Blakely}%
\author[1]{Guoming Ling}%
\author[2]{William James Pringle}%
\author[1]{María Teresa Contreras}%
\author[1]{Damrongsak Wirasaet}%
\author[1]{Joannes Westerink}%
\author[3]{Saeed Moghimi}%
\author[4]{Greg Seroka}%
\author[5]{Lei Shi}%
\author[6]{Edward P. Myers III}%
\author[7]{Margaret Owensby}%
\author[8]{Thomas Christopher Massey}%
\affil[1]{University of Notre Dame}%
\affil[2]{Argonne National Laboratory}%
\affil[3]{NOAA/NOS}%
\affil[4]{NOAA/NOS Coast Survey Development Lab}%
\affil[5]{National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)}%
\affil[6]{NOAA CSDL}%
\affil[7]{Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, Engineer Research and Development Center}%
\affil[8]{USACE ERDC}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 18, 2024}


\begingroup
\let\center\flushleft
\let\endcenter\endflushleft
\maketitle
\endgroup





\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
The mechanisms and geographic locations of tidal dissipation in
barotropic tidal models is examined using a global, unstructured, finite
element model. From simulated velocities and depths, the total
dissipation within the global model is estimated. This study examines
the effect that altering bathymetry can have on global tides. The Ronne
ice shelf and Hudson Bay are identified as a highly sensitive region to
bathymetric specification. We examine where dissipation occur and find
that high boundary layer dissipation regions are very limited in
geographic extent while internal tide dissipation regions are more
distributed. By varying coefficients used in the parameterizations of
both boundary layer and internal tide dissipation, regions that are
highly sensitive to perturbations are identified. Particularly sensitive
regions are used in a simple optimization technique to improve both
global and local tidal results. Bottom friction coefficients are high in
energetic flow regions, across the arctic ocean, and across deep ocean
island chains such as the Aleutian and Ryuku Islands. Global errors of
the best solution in the \$M\_2\$ are 3.10 \textbackslash{}si\{cm\}
overall, 1.94 \textbackslash{}si\{cm\} in areas deeper than 1000
\textbackslash{}si\{m\}, and 7.74 \textbackslash{}si\{cm\} in areas
shallower than 1000 \textbackslash{}si\{m\}. In addition to improvements
in tidal amplitude, the total dissipation is estimated and compared to
astronomical estimates. Greater understanding of the geographical
distribution of regions which are sensitive to friction allows for a
more efficient approach to optimizing tidal models.%
\end{abstract}%



\sloppy




\selectlanguage{english}
\FloatBarrier
\end{document}

