Figure 2: Schematic representation of the machinery that manages residual solar heat energy through water phase exchanges.
In this scheme, the Sun (1) heats the whole environment as everybody feels it under sunshine (2 and 3). Greenhouse effect-dependent radiative energy is represented in (2’). Atmospheric turbulences dispatch local imbalanced heat within the multilayered atmosphere in contact with the very cold intersidereal medium on one side, and with ground, ice and surface water on the other side. The supply of geothermal heat is generally considered as negligible like many other heat sources on Earth including the combustion of fossil fuels ((Zhang & Caldeira, 2015) and electricity-related ones). The temperatures of the ground surface and of oceans tend to increase but rising is unavoidably limited by heat absorption related to the melting of ices (4’ and 6’) over the whole globe. It is also balanced by the process of evaporation (evaporator) that cools ocean and surface liquid water (the refrigerant) and transfers the corresponding heat to the atmosphere as warm vapor (4). Water cycle has been proposed as climate factor but generally without involving ices and not in terms of quantitative water interphase equilibria. The air enriched in warm vapor being less dense than dry air, it rises up to a zone cold enough to condense the vapor as dispersed droplets and ice particles forming clouds while the heat stored in the vapor is released to molecules present in the upper cold atmosphere which radiate it away (7). Rains and snow (6) close the cycle. Such cycle is not uniform. In reality, the Sun does not heat continuously. Earth inclination and rotation lead to cyclic heating like day and night, summer and winter, North and South hemispheres, and the Sun long cycles. The process of ices melting and reformation is thus cyclic with ups and downs as in a refrigerator. If all the ice disappears inside the refrigerator, the inner temperature starts rising up to the outside one unless the thermostat restarts the cycle to reform ice. On Earth, the thermostat consists in water interphase equilibria. When all ices will have melted, the control of heat, regardless of its origin, will be handled by the dominance of right shift of evaporation ↔ vapor ↔ condensation interphases equilibria. At this stage, a thick cover of clouds will be formed that will block the input of heat from the Sun like durst particles and aerosols do. Less solar heat will lead to regeneration of ice on Earth (Miller et al., 2012). The temperature control by evaporation-condensation depends on the latent heat of evaporation but it depends also on many dynamic factors that precluded estimations. Anyhow temperature rising or not, the more heat is to be dispatched over the globe, the stronger and the more frequent chaotic environmental will be, at least qualitatively (Fig. 2).