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\begin{document}

\title{The atmospheric boundary layer and surface conditions during katabatic
wind events over the Terra Nova Bay Polynya.}



\author[1]{Marta Aleksandra Wenta}%
\author[2]{John J. Cassano}%
\affil[1]{University of Gdansk}%
\affil[2]{University of Colorado Boulder}%


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  \date{May 25, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Off the coast of Victoria Land, Antarctic an area of open water - the
Terra Nova Bay Polynya (TNBP)- persists throughout the austral winter.
The primary force driving the development of this almost ice-free
stretch of water are extreme katabatic winds flowing down the slopes of
Transantarctic Mountains. The surface-atmosphere coupling and ABL
transformation during the katabatic flow between 18-25 September 2012 in
Terra Nova Bay are studied, using observations from Aerosonde unmanned
aircraft system (UAS) observations, numerical modeling results and
Antarctic Weather Station (AWS) measurements. Our analysis demonstrates
that the intensity and persistence of katabatic winds is governed by sea
level pressure (SLP) changes in the region. Whereas the duration and
intensity of the flow, determines the polynya extent. When cold, dry air
brought with the winds interacts with relatively warm surface of the
polynya the convection starts to develop and overcomes the previously
stable atmosphere. In general, the intensity of the flow, surface
conditions in the bay and regional SLP fluctuations are all
interconnected and together modify local atmospheric and surface
conditions. The importance of valid forecast of katabatic events for
Antarctic aircraft operations is unambiguous. The Antarctic Mesoscale
Prediction System (AMPS) performs this task well, but due to exaggerated
sea ice concentrations (SIC) incorrectly represents vertical ABL
properties and air mass modification over the TNBP. Altogether, this
research provides a unique description of TNBP development and its
interactions with the atmosphere and katabatic winds, thus enhancing our
understanding of the complex processes taking place in this region.%
\end{abstract}%



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