Figure 3. a) Shows the optimized state variable as a function of time, an enlarged version of Figure 1d. b) Shows the Positive Predictive Value, PPV or Precision. Red cuve is the PPV for the state variable shown in a), where the vertical axis is the thresholdTH. The cyan lines represent the PPV for 50 random time series. Mean of the time series is the solid black line, and 1σ confidence is shown as the dashed lines. c). Red curve is the corresponding self information \(I_{\text{self}}\), equation (2), on the horizontal axis as a function of the threshold valueTH on the vertical axis. Again, the cyan curves are the self-information for the ensemble of 50 random time series, with mean (solid black line) and 1σ confidence as the dashed lines.