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\begin{document}

\title{Near-field modeling of the 1964 Alaska tsunami: the role of splay faults
and horizontal displacements}



\author[1]{Elena Suleimani}%
\author[2]{Jeffrey Todd Freymueller}%
\affil[1]{Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks}%
\affil[2]{Michigan State University}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 25, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Near-field observations of tsunami waves generated by the Mw9.2 1964
Alaska earthquake reveal a complex relationship between coseismic slip
and the tsunami wavefield in the source area. The documented times and
amplitudes of first arrivals, measured runup heights and inundation
areas along the coasts of the Kenai Peninsula and Kodiak Island show
that secondary splay faults played an important role in generating
destructive tsunami waves. We find that a splay fault extending to about
150\selectlanguage{ngerman}°W is required to fit tsunami first arrivals on the Kenai Peninsula,
but that the splay fault did not rupture along the entire length of the
Kenai Peninsula. This extent supports the connection of splay faulting
to a persistent Prince William Sound asperity. Our results also show
that the contribution of coseismic horizontal displacements into the
initial tsunami wave field does not change the pattern of tsunami
arrivals much, but increases the amplitude. The coseismic deformation
model of Suito and Freymueller (2009) explains the pattern of tsunami
arrivals in the Kodiak Island region well, indicating that it provides a
good estimate of slip on the megathrust in the Kodiak asperity. The
sensitivity of the near-field arrival information to the coseismic slip
model shows that such data are important in distinguishing between slip
on splay faults and on the megathrust, and in discriminating between
competing slip models.%
\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{ngerman}%



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