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\begin{document}

\title{Soil Carbon Stock Change Due to Afforestation in Japan by
Paired-Sampling Method in an Equivalent Mass Basis}



\author[1]{Shigehiro Ishizuka}%
\author[1]{Shoji Hashimoto}%
\author[1]{Shinji Kaneko}%
\author[1]{Kenji Tsuruta}%
\author[1]{Kimihiro Kida}%
\author[1]{Shuhei Aizawa}%
\author[1]{Toru Hashimoto}%
\author[1]{Eriko Ito}%
\author[1]{Mitsutoshi Umemura}%
\author[1]{Yoshiki Shinomiya}%
\author[1]{Tomoaki Morishita}%
\author[1]{Kyotaro Noguchi}%
\author[2]{Kenji Ono}%
\author[1]{Toru Okamoto}%
\author[1]{Takeo Mizoguchi}%
\author[1]{Atsushi Torii}%
\author[1]{Hisao Sakai}%
\author[1]{Yoshiyuki Inagaki}%
\author[1]{Koji Sichi}%
\author[1]{Jumpei Toriyama}%
\author[1]{Yoshimi Sakai}%
\author[1]{Masahiro Inagaki}%
\author[3]{Yasuhito Shirato}%
\author[4]{Hiroshi Obara}%
\author[4]{Kazunori Kohyama}%
\author[4]{Yusuke Takata}%
\author[1]{Nobuko Katayanagi}%
\author[4]{Takashi Kanda}%
\author[4]{Haruna Inoue}%
\author[5]{Takashi Kusaba}%
\affil[1]{Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute}%
\affil[2]{Tohoku Research Center, Forestry and Forest Product Research Institute, Japan}%
\affil[3]{National Institute for Agro-Environmental Science}%
\affil[4]{National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences}%
\affil[5]{Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center}%


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  \date{May 26, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
To identify the soil carbon stock change from cropland to forest land in
Japan, we compared the soil carbon stock of a cropland and that of an
adjacent forest land at 23 different sites. With regard to a 0--30 cm
depth basis, the soil carbon stock in the cropland was greater than that
in the forest land; however, it was less than that in the forest land
when an equivalent mass basis was used. In less than an elapsed time of
20 years after a land-use change, the soil carbon stock after
afforestation was less than that in the adjacent cropland at the same
sites. However, after an elapsed time of 20 years, the soil carbon stock
in the afforested site exceeded that in the adjacent cropland at the
same sites. The ratio of the soil carbon stock in forest land to that in
the cropland was 1.10 on average, which is comparable with the previous
mass-corrected paired-sampling studies. The ratio in the conifer-planted
forest was significantly greater than that in the hardwood re-generated
forest. Some of the previous reviews, including those of the
non-mass-corrected data, were possibly biased, and more studies using
the paired-sampling method with equivalent mass basis need to provide
more general ratios in the future.%
\end{abstract}%



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