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\begin{document}

\title{Multi-Instrument Characterisation of Magnetospheric Cold Plasma Dynamics
in the 22 June 2015 Geomagnetic Storm}



\author[1]{Massimo Vellante}%
\author[2]{Kazue Takahashi}%
\author[1]{Alfredo Del Corpo}%
\author[3]{Irina S. Zhelavskaya}%
\author[4]{Jerry Goldstein}%
\author[5]{Ian Mann}%
\author[1]{Ermanno Pietropaolo}%
\author[6]{Jan Reda}%
\author[7]{Balazs Heilig}%
\affil[1]{University of L'Aquila}%
\affil[2]{The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory}%
\affil[3]{Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre For Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany}%
\affil[4]{SwRI}%
\affil[5]{University of Alberta}%
\affil[6]{Institute of Geophysics Polish Academy of Sciences}%
\affil[7]{Mining and Geological Survey of Hungary}%


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  \date{May 19, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
We present a comparison of magnetospheric plasma mass/electron density
observations during an 11-day interval which includes the geomagnetic
storm of 22 June 2015. For this study we used: equatorial plasma mass
density derived from geomagnetic field line resonances (FLRs) detected
by Van Allen Probes and at the ground-based magnetometer networks EMMA
and CARISMA; in situ electron density inferred by the
Neural-network-based Upper hybrid Resonance Determination algorithm
applied to plasma wave Van Allen Probes measurements. The combined
observations at \emph{L} \textasciitilde{} 4, MLT \textasciitilde{} 16
of the two longitudinally-separated magnetometer networks show a
temporal pattern very similar to that of the in situ observations: a
density decrease by an order of magnitude about 1 day after the Dst
minimum, a partial recovery a few hours later, and a new strong decrease
soon after. The observations are consistent with the position of the
measurement points with respect to the plasmasphere boundary as derived
by a plasmapause test particle simulation. A comparison between plasma
mass densities derived from ground and in situ FLR observations during
favourable conjunctions shows a good agreement. We find however, for L
\textless{} \textasciitilde{}3, the spacecraft measurements to be higher
than the corresponding ground observations with increasing deviation
with decreasing \emph{L}, which might be related to the rapid outbound
spacecraft motion in that region. A statistical analysis of the average
ion mass using simultaneous spacecraft measurements of mass and electron
density indicates values close to 1 amu in plasmasphere and higher
values (\textasciitilde{} 2-3 amu) in plasmatrough.%
\end{abstract}%



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