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\begin{document}

\title{Chasing Sustainable Development: A Network Approach to Rank Countries in
the Agenda 2030}



\author[1]{Carla Sciarra}%
\author[1]{Guido Chiarotti}%
\author[2]{Luca Ridolfi}%
\author[3]{Francesco Laio}%
\affil[1]{Polytechnic University of Turin}%
\affil[2]{Politecnico di torino}%
\affil[3]{Politecnico di Torino}%


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  \date{May 18, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
In 2015, the United Nations established the Agenda 2030 for sustainable
development, addressing the major challenges the world faces and
introducing the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). How are
countries performing in their challenge toward sustainable development?
We address this question by treating countries and Goals as a bipartite
complex network. While network science has been used to unveil the
interconnections among the Goals, it has been poorly exploited to rank
countries for their achievements. In this work, we show that the network
representation of the countries-SDGs relations as a bipartite system
allows one to recover aggregated scores of countries' capacity to cope
with SDGs as the solutions of a network's centrality exercise, where
more central countries are showing best performances in pursuing the
SDGs. While the Goals are all equally important by definition,
interesting differences self-emerge when non-standard centrality
metrics, borrowed from economic complexity, are adopted. Innovation and
Climate Action stand as contrasting Goals to be accomplished, with
countries facing the well-known trade-offs between economic and
environmental issues even in addressing the Agenda. In conclusion, the
complexity of countries' paths toward sustainable development cannot be
fully understood by resorting to a single, multipurpose, ranking
indicator, while multi-variable analyses shed new light on the present
and future of sustainable development.%
\end{abstract}%



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