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\begin{document}

\title{The Disproportionate Role of Ocean Topography on the Upwelling of Carbon
in the Southern Ocean}



\author[1]{Riley Xavier Brady}%
\author[2]{Mathew E Maltrud}%
\author[3]{Phillip Justin Wolfram Jr.}%
\author[4]{Henri Francois Drake}%
\author[1]{Nicole Suzanne Lovenduski}%
\affil[1]{University of Colorado Boulder}%
\affil[2]{Los Alamos National Laboratory (DOE)}%
\affil[3]{Los Alamos National Laboratory}%
\affil[4]{Massachusetts Institute of Technology}%


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  \date{May 17, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
The physical circulation of the Southern Ocean sets the surface
concentration and thus air-sea exchange of CO2. However, we have a
limited understanding of the three-dimensional circulation that brings
deep carbon-rich waters to the surface. Here, we introduce and analyze a
novel high-resolution ocean model simulation with active biogeochemistry
and online Lagrangian particle tracking. We focus our attention on a
subset of particles with high dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) that
originate below 1000 m and eventually upwell into the surface mixed
layer. We find that 71\% of the DIC-enriched water upwelling across 1000
m is concentrated near topographic features, which occupy just 33\% of
the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Once particles upwell to the surface
mixed layer, their DIC decorrelates on timescales of
\textasciitilde{}1.5 months---an order of magnitude longer than their
residence time. Our results show that Southern Ocean bathymetry plays a
key role in delivering carbon-rich waters to the surface.%
\end{abstract}%



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