\documentclass[10pt]{article}

\usepackage{fullpage}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{parskip}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage[section]{placeins}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{breakcites}
\usepackage{lineno}
\usepackage{hyphenat}





\PassOptionsToPackage{hyphens}{url}
\usepackage[colorlinks = true,
            linkcolor = blue,
            urlcolor  = blue,
            citecolor = blue,
            anchorcolor = blue]{hyperref}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\patchcmd\@combinedblfloats{\box\@outputbox}{\unvbox\@outputbox}{}{%
  \errmessage{\noexpand\@combinedblfloats could not be patched}%
}%
\makeatother


\usepackage{natbib}




\renewenvironment{abstract}
  {{\bfseries\noindent{\abstractname}\par\nobreak}\footnotesize}
  {\bigskip}

\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{*3}{*1}
\titlespacing{\subsection}{0pt}{*2}{*0.5}
\titlespacing{\subsubsection}{0pt}{*1.5}{0pt}


\usepackage{authblk}


\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[space]{grffile}
\usepackage{latexsym}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{tabulary}
\usepackage{booktabs,array,multirow}
\usepackage{amsfonts,amsmath,amssymb}
\providecommand\citet{\cite}
\providecommand\citep{\cite}
\providecommand\citealt{\cite}
% You can conditionalize code for latexml or normal latex using this.
\newif\iflatexml\latexmlfalse
\providecommand{\tightlist}{\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%

\AtBeginDocument{\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf,.PDF,.eps,.EPS,.png,.PNG,.tif,.TIF,.jpg,.JPG,.jpeg,.JPEG}}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}



\usepackage{float}








\begin{document}

\title{Atomic oxygen ion-neutral collision frequency models at ionospheric
temperatures}



\author[1]{Akimasa Ieda}%
\affil[1]{Nagoya University}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 22, 2024}


\begingroup
\let\center\flushleft
\let\endcenter\endflushleft
\maketitle
\endgroup





\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
The Earth's F region ionosphere is dominated by the collision between
atomic oxygen and its first positive ion. An accurate corresponding
collision frequency model is necessary to understand the ionosphere.
However, the widely used classic Banks theoretical model typically
provides a collision frequency that is 30\% lower than the expectation
from ionospheric observations. Accordingly, the classic collision
frequency is often adjusted by multiplying it by a constant known as the
Burnside factor. This correction-factor model adopted the classic model
as its basis due to a misunderstanding that the classic model was based
on a laboratory experiment; that is, the correction factor was
originally meant to compensate for laboratory contamination. In this
study, we construct a collision frequency model based on the laboratory
experiment. We find that the resultant laboratory-based model is
consistent with ionospheric observations. In this construction, we have
determined that the impact of laboratory contamination is small (7\%)
and is mostly canceled by a misinterpretation regarding the conventional
definitions of energy. Thus, the 30\% difference is mainly caused by a
theoretical error in the classic model itself. This error is
energy-dependent and corrected by the later wide-energy theoretical
model. Thus, the classic model cannot be corrected by a constant and
should be replaced by the later model.%
\end{abstract}%



\sloppy




\selectlanguage{english}
\FloatBarrier
\end{document}

