\documentclass[10pt]{article}

\usepackage{fullpage}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{parskip}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage[section]{placeins}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{breakcites}
\usepackage{lineno}
\usepackage{hyphenat}





\PassOptionsToPackage{hyphens}{url}
\usepackage[colorlinks = true,
            linkcolor = blue,
            urlcolor  = blue,
            citecolor = blue,
            anchorcolor = blue]{hyperref}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\patchcmd\@combinedblfloats{\box\@outputbox}{\unvbox\@outputbox}{}{%
  \errmessage{\noexpand\@combinedblfloats could not be patched}%
}%
\makeatother


\usepackage{natbib}




\renewenvironment{abstract}
  {{\bfseries\noindent{\abstractname}\par\nobreak}\footnotesize}
  {\bigskip}

\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{*3}{*1}
\titlespacing{\subsection}{0pt}{*2}{*0.5}
\titlespacing{\subsubsection}{0pt}{*1.5}{0pt}


\usepackage{authblk}


\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[space]{grffile}
\usepackage{latexsym}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{tabulary}
\usepackage{booktabs,array,multirow}
\usepackage{amsfonts,amsmath,amssymb}
\providecommand\citet{\cite}
\providecommand\citep{\cite}
\providecommand\citealt{\cite}
% You can conditionalize code for latexml or normal latex using this.
\newif\iflatexml\latexmlfalse
\providecommand{\tightlist}{\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%

\AtBeginDocument{\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf,.PDF,.eps,.EPS,.png,.PNG,.tif,.TIF,.jpg,.JPG,.jpeg,.JPEG}}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}



\usepackage{float}








\begin{document}

\title{Advancing Local Distance Discrimination of Explosions and Earthquakes
with Joint P/S and ML-MC Classification}



\author[1]{Ruijia Wang}%
\author[1]{Brandon Schmandt}%
\author[2]{Monique Holt}%
\author[2]{Keith D. Koper}%
\affil[1]{University of New Mexico}%
\affil[2]{University of Utah}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 25, 2024}


\begingroup
\let\center\flushleft
\let\endcenter\endflushleft
\maketitle
\endgroup





\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
Classification of local-distance, low-magnitude seismic events is
challenging because signals can be numerous and difficult to
characterize with approaches developed for larger magnitude events
observed at greater distances. Yet, accurate classification is important
to studies of earthquake processes and detection of potential
underground nuclear tests. Here, we combine two classification metrics:
the three-component ratio of high-frequency P/S amplitudes and the
difference between local and coda duration magnitudes
(M\textsubscript{L}-M\textsubscript{C}). The metrics use different parts
of the high-frequency wavefield and exhibit complementary sensitivity
for classification of M\textasciitilde{}0.5--4 natural earthquakes and
borehole explosions, which are the best analog for underground nuclear
explosions. Using means from bootstrap resampling across four diverse
geologic settings, joint classification achieves \textgreater{}94.4\%
true positives and \textless{}8.4\% false positives when using
\textgreater{}=8 seismographs within 200 km. This high performance is
obtained without local site corrections, indicating that the method may
be transportable for local event classification.%
\end{abstract}%



\sloppy


\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`essoar.10507788.1.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/528476/articles/598889-advancing-local-distance-discrimination-of-explosions-and-earthquakes-with-joint-p-s-and-ml-mc-classification}

\selectlanguage{english}
\FloatBarrier
\end{document}

