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\begin{document}

\title{Global tropospheric ozone responses to reduced NOx emissions linked to
the COVID-19 world-wide lockdowns}



\author[1]{Kazuyuki Miyazaki}%
\author[1]{Kevin Bowman}%
\author[2]{Takashi Sekiya}%
\author[2]{Masayuki Takigawa}%
\author[1]{Jessica L Neu}%
\author[3]{Kengo Sudo}%
\author[1]{Greg Osterman}%
\author[4]{Henk Eskes}%
\affil[1]{California Institute of Technology}%
\affil[2]{JAMSTEC}%
\affil[3]{Nagoya University}%
\affil[4]{Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 25, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Efforts to slow the transmission of COVID-19 led to rapid, global
ancillary reductions in air pollutant emissions. Here, we quantify the
resulting decreases in global NOx emissions and their consequent impact
on the production of global tropospheric ozone using a multi-constituent
data assimilation system. Total anthropogenic NOx emissions were reduced
by at least 15\% globally and 18-25\% for Europe, North America, and the
Middle East in April and May 2020. The efficacy of these reductions in
altering ozone concentrations varied substantially in both space and
time, with differences driven by local meteorology and chemical
production efficiency. Globally, the total tropospheric ozone burden
dropped by about 6 TgO 3 (~2\%) in May-June 2020, largely due to
emission reductions in Asia and the Americas. Our results show a clear
and global atmospheric imprint from COVID-19 mitigation, which altered
the atmospheric oxidative capacity, climate radiative forcing, and human
health.%
\end{abstract}%



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