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\begin{document}

\title{Air quality response in China linked to the 2019 novel Coronavirus
(COVID-19) mitigation}



\author[1]{Kazuyuki Miyazaki}%
\author[2]{Kevin W. Bowman}%
\author[3]{Takashi Sekiya}%
\author[4]{Zhe Jiang}%
\author[4]{Xiaokang Chen}%
\author[5]{Henk Eskes}%
\author[6]{Muye Ru}%
\author[6]{Yuqiang Zhang}%
\author[6]{Drew T. Shindell}%
\affil[1]{Jet Propulsion Laboratory}%
\affil[2]{Jet Propulsion Lab (NASA)}%
\affil[3]{Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology}%
\affil[4]{University of Science and Technology of China}%
\affil[5]{KNMI}%
\affil[6]{Duke University}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 21, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Efforts to stem the spread of COVID-19 in China hinged on severe
restrictions to human movement starting January 23rd, 2020 in Wuhan and
subsequently to other provinces. Here, we quantify the ancillary impacts
on air pollution and human health using inverse emissions estimates
based on multiple satellite observations. We find that Chinese NOx
emissions were reduced by 36\% from early January to mid-February, with
more than 80\% of reductions occurring after their respective lockdown
in most provinces. These emissions declines increased surface ozone by
up to 16 ppb over northern China but decreased PM2.5 by up to 23 \selectlanguage{greek}µ\selectlanguage{english}gm
nationwide. Air pollution appears to have substantially offset hospital
admissions related to COVID-19, augmenting mitigation efforts, such as
in the Hubei province with \textasciitilde{}400 reduced admissions.
Changes in human exposure are associated with about 2,100 increased
ozone-related morbidity incidences and avoidance of at least 60,000
PM2.5-related morbidity incidences.%
\end{abstract}%



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