4. Interaction of Photons with Electrons or Protons
(1) The process of a photon emitting by one electron (or proton, omitted below) and colliding with another electron is as follows: Suppose that in a space, one electron E moves from position 1 to position 2 in one timebase (T0), and moves from position 2 to position 3 in the next timebase (T1). Suppose that electron E is being acted upon by many forces at position 1, including electrostatic force, magnetic force, and gravitational force, and these forces will merge into only one resultant force with only one direction at position 1. Suppose that the direction of this resultant force at position 1 is from position 1 pointing to position 2, and the magnitude of this resultant force can drive electron E from position 1 to position 2. Then electron E emits this resultant force as a photon P1 from position 1, the direction of photon movement is from position 1 pointing to position 2, that is, the direction of the resultant force electron E receives at position 1, and the magnitude of the force carried by the photon P1 is the magnitude of this resultant force. Then when electron E moves from position 1 to position 2, the resultant force it receives at position 2 will be emitted as another photon P2, and its direction and magnitude are exactly the same as the resultant force at position 2. The electron changes its position once in each timebase, namely, moving from one position to another. When arriving at a new position, the electron will emit the resultant force at that position in the form of one photon, as shown in the Figure 1 below.
(2) The photons emitted by electrons move along the direction of the resultant force at the speed of light, that is to say, photons change their position once each timebase and their direction do not change. When a photon encounters another electron, it not only transfers the force it carries to the electron, but also changes the direction of propagation because of the electron. As shown in the Figure 2 below, photon P1 collides with electron E at position 1, changes direction and continues to move in the direction of P2 (P1 and P2 is the same photon). The force carried by photon P2 is the same as that of P1. That is to say, since the photon is emitted from the original electron, the magnitude of the force the photon carried will not change, only the propagation direction of the photon changes.
When the resultant force carried by photon P1 reaches position 1 where electron E is located, it will form an angle with resultant force R electron E receives at position 1, which is the included angle between P1 and R (incident angle) in the Figure 2 below. Then after photon P1 encounter the electron, it changes direction and continues to move as P2. The moving direction of P2 is twice the included angle between the two resultant forces. Namely, the included angle between P1 and R is equal to the included angle between P2 and R (reflection angle) in the following Figure 2. At the same time, electron E emits the resultant force R it receives at position 1 as a photon P3 (new photon). The resultant force R received by electron E at position 1 includes the force carried by photon P1, and various omnidirectional and unidirectional forces emitted by other particles. Therefore, the electron not only emits omnidirectional force at each timebase, but also emits the resultant force it receives in the form of unidirectional force.
The above speculation is based entirely on many optical phenomena, including reflection, refraction and diffraction, total reflection, rhomboid spectroscopy, spontaneous emission and stimulated emission, Compton scattering, synchrotron radiation, photoelectric effect, Casimir effect, Hong-Ou Mandel effect and cosmic microwave background radiation. As an explanation for the mechanism of light, the above-mentioned mechanism must be able to explain all light phenomena. For example, the reduction in the propagation speed of light in the medium is caused by the turning and lengthening of the propagation path of photons due to colliding with electrons. Another example is the wavelength and frequency of light mentioned in the current optics theory, which are actually the behavioural patterns of a large number of photons. For example, gamma rays are caused by the violent movement of emitting electrons, and the violent movement of electrons is because the resultant force on these electrons is very high, so the force carried by the gamma-ray photon is also great. The success of a hypothesis lies in whether it can explain all phenomena, not some of them. I cannot be sure that I have checked all the optical phenomena and experiments, but the phenomena I listed above can be explained well with this mechanism.