Outcome Total Effect: Direct Effect:
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4
(path c) (path a) (path b) (path c’)
1. composite outcome 1.4 (1.2-1.7) 1.2 (1.0-1.5) 2.1 (1.8-2.4) 1.3 (1.1-1.6)
2. New HTN 1.4 (1.2-1.7) 1.3 (1.0-1.5) 2.1 (1.8-2.4) 1.4 (1.1-1.7)
3. MD 1.4 (1.1-1.8) 1.3 (1.1-1.6) 1.9 (1.6-2.2) 1.2 (0.9-1.5)