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\begin{document}

\title{Antarctic oil and mineral resources: a subject off limits or future
reality?}



\author[1]{Nan Zhang}%
\author[1]{Pavel Grigor'evich Talalay}%
\affil[1]{Polar Research Center, Institute for Polar Science and Engineering，College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 26, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
On-going trade wars combined with the increasing consumption and
depletion of known resources will necessitate the search for new
deposits in poorly explored or unexplored areas, such as the polar
regions. Antarctica is unique among the world's continents in having no
native population and state sovereignty; the continent has also been
identified as potentially harboring extensive hydrocarbon and mineral
resources. To protect the fragile Antarctic environment, the Protocol on
Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (1991) banned any
mineral activity for a 50-year period, except for scientific purposes.
The Protocol will be renewed in 2048, and discussions of possible future
mining in the region has already begun. With the improvement of drilling
and mining technology, the risk of future mining activity on the
continent is increasing. Moreover, extensive mining operations in the
Arctic demonstrate the technical and economic feasibility of mining
activities in harsh polar environments. The protection of the fragile
Antarctic environment must be prioritized; however, maintaining the
balance between environmental protection and commercial and national
interests in resource development is problematic.%
\end{abstract}%



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