Acknowledgements:
Work at the University of Minnesota and NASA Goddard was supported by the NASA Heliophysics Supporting Research program NNH18ZDA001N-HSR award 80NSSC19K0842. Science data of the ERG (Arase) satellite were obtained from the ERG Science Center operated by ISAS/JAXA and ISEE/Nagoya University (https://ergsc.isee.nagoya-u.ac.jp/index.shtml.en, Miyoshi, Hori et al., 2018b. The present study analyzed PWE OFA L2 power spectrum data v02_02 (10.34515/DATA.ERG-08001), PWE WFC L2 electric field spectrum data v00_02 (10.34515/DATA.ERG-09002), PWE WFC L2 magnetic field spectrum data v00_02 (10.34515/DATA.ERG-09003), HEP L2 omniflux data v03_01 (10.34515/DATA.ERG-01001), MGF L2 8 sec spin-averaged data v03.04 (10.34515/DATA.ERG-06001), and Orbit L2 v03 data v03 (10.34515/DATA.ERG-12000). Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory is located 120 km north of the Arctic Circle in Finland and is an independent department of the University of Oulu. ABOVE is a joint Canada Foundation for Innovation and Canadian Space Agency project developed by the University of Calgary. The authors would like to acknowledge Jeremy Faden and the use of Autoplot. The authors would like to thank George Hospodarsky for providing EMFISIS wave normal angle data. JMP acknowledge funding from the NSF Coupling, Energetics and Dynamics of Atmospheric Regions, grant AGS 1651428 and the NASA Living With a Star program, grant NNX14AH54G. The POES MEPED data is available at the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) at https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/satellite/poes/dataaccess.html.