Figure Captions
Figure 1. Visualization of the ISS LIS instrument, its location on the ISS, as well as its data collection, processing, and distribution.
Figure 2. Basic workflow showing the data processing of initial observations at the ISS through ground processing by GHRC and the LIS science team, to publication for end users.
Figure 3. Left: ISS LIS temporal offset relative to ENGLN, GLD360, GLM-16, and GLM-17. Right: ISS LIS spatial geolocation offset relative to these comparison datasets.
Figure 4. Top: Time series of peak temporal offset between ISS LIS and three different reference datasets (ENGLN, GLD360, and GLM-16). Middle: Time series of the modal peak of the spatial offset between ISS LIS and these reference datasets. Bottom: Time series of ISS LIS DE and FAR relative to the reference datasets.
Figure 5. ISS LIS flash detection efficiency as a function of local time of day, relative to GLM, ENGLN, and GLD360. Analysis period for ENGLN and GLD360 was 1 March 2017 through 31 December 2019. The period of analysis for GLM-16 was 20 December 2017 to 31 December 2019, and for GLM-17 it was 13 November 2018 to 31 December 2019 (i.e., after each satellite moved to the GOES-East and -West positions, respectively).
Figure 6. a) Three-year (March 2017 through February 2020) climatology of global lightning from ISS LIS. b) Post-boost climatology of lightning from TRMM LIS (September 2001 through December 2014).
Figure 7. Monthly time series of global lightning flash rate (between ± 38° latitude) from TRMM LIS and ISS LIS.
Figure 8. ISS LIS lightning climatology, broken out seasonally. a) March-May. b) June-August. c) September-November. d) December-February.
Figure 9. ISS LIS diurnal variability of global lightning flash rate, including land/ocean breakdown. a) Adjusted to local solar time. b) UTC time.
Figure 10. GLM-16 flash DE with respect to ISS LIS (left), ENGLN (middle), and GLD360 (right).
Figure 11. Lightning risk analysis for Nepal and Bangladesh, based on a combination of LIS flash rates and socioeconomic factors.
Figure 12. Comparison of ASIM and ISS LIS observations of a lightning flash over Madagascar. (top) an image of the lightning flash captured by the ASIM camera with ISS LIS events from the group closest in time to the frame (i.e., black line in bottom panel) plotted as green symbols whose size correspond to the radiance measured by the LIS camera and scaled (10-4) to match the same units of ASIM radiance, which are given in logarithmic scale to enhance the illuminated pixels. (bottom) time-series of ASIM 777.4 nm photometer (red) and LIS groups (green) with the shaded region corresponding to the duration of the ASIM camera frame.
Figure A1. The close comparison between the original TRMM LIS calibration (OC; labeled TRMM) and the retest calibration (RC) of ISS LIS (labeled ISS). for a representative subset of the instrument’s FOV. Left: Static Response Test. Right: Transient Response Test.