Statistical analysis
Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Normality was tested using D’Agostino and Pearson omnibus normality test. Groups were compared using the Mann–Whitney U  test for non-parametric data or an un-paired Student’s t -test for parametric data. When comparing multiple groups data were analysed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Newman–Keuls post-test for parametric data or Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunns post-test for non-parametric data. When more than two independent variables were present a two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test was used. When within subject repeated measurements were present a repeated measures (RM) ANOVA was used. A value of P  < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.