Study patients
Consecutive patients who underwent initial radiofrequency catheter
ablation for AF between February 2020 and October 2021, and who had a
left atrial (LA) activation map obtained during right atrium (RA) pacing
were enrolled. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board
of Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, and an opt-out system was
used to obtain patient consent for the use of their clinical data for
research purposes. This study was conducted in accordance with the
principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.