Physical activity and adherence
Participants wore an ActivPAL3 inclinometer (PAL Technologies Ltd, Glasgow, Scotland) to objectively measure adherence, physical activity and sedentary behaviour for 7-days at 28-, 32- and 35-weeks gestation. The ActivPal was worn on the anterior, proximal 1/3 of the lower limb and secured with a Tagaderm. Physical activity and sedentary time were calculated through changes in posture and movement in three planes; sitting, standing, and stepping. Data with < 10h of valid data were excluded from analysis [24]. Using the PAL software suite (PAL Technologies Ltd) files were exported to calculate the following measures: 1. Total minutes of prolonged periods (>30 minutes) of sitting time; 2. Total daily time sitting (minutes); 3. Total daily standing time (minutes); 4. Total daily stepping time (cadence >20 steps.minute-1) (minutes); 5. Estimated energy expenditure/exercise intensity as metabolic equivalent (MET.h-1). Adherence to intervention physical activity recommendations was calculated using exported 15-s epochs to identify the longest stepping bout within 60 minutes of consuming each main meal (PMW) or the longest daily stepping bout (CTL). Times for exercise were also reported.