Introduction
Orbital emphysema refers to the infiltration of air or gas within the
orbital soft tissue space. It is most commonly associated with a history
of trauma or orbital wall fracture [1-3]. However, other mechanisms
have been reported including infection, pulmonary barotrauma, and
iatrogenic factors such as dental surgery [4]. Signs and symptoms
include proptosis, crepitus, and diplopia presenting acutely or over the
course of days to weeks [5, 6]. Although orbital emphysema typically
follows a benign course and is self-limiting, in severe cases it can
cause vision loss and require immediate intervention to prevent
complications associated with orbital compartment syndrome [2, 7].
Herein, we present a case report of bilateral orbital emphysema in a
single individual after chest tube placement for spontaneous
pneumothorax. This case illustrates the potential for dramatic
complications of such a procedure and the extensive pathways of
communication along the fascial planes from the site of origin to the
face and orbital region. This case report includes a review of the
current literature.