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\begin{document}

\title{Diurnal Variation of Canopy NDVI in Maize and Soybean}



\author[1]{Junxiao Zhang}%
\author[1]{Geng(Frank) Bai}%
\author[1]{Nipuna Chamara}%
\author[1]{Yufeng Ge}%
\affil[1]{Affiliation not available}%


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  \date{May 28, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
As the world's population grows and the demand for food rises, more
attention has been paid to increase crop yields and enhance global food
security. Modern remote sensing technologies enable us to capture
spectral features (such as NDVI) of crop canopy, which are widely used
to assess crop growth, health, and stress conditions. We noticed in the
literature that crop NDVI shows short-term variation within a day.
Therefore, in this study, we leveraged the Spidercam Field Phenotyping
Facility at University of Nebraska-Lincoln to measure and quantify the
diurnal variation of canopy NDVI for corn and soybean crops. The
experiments and data collection were conducted in 2022 and 2023, with
canopy reflectance measured by a spectrometer (400-1000 nm) at multiple
days covering different growth stages. In each day, measurements were
taken at multiple time points within a time window \selectlanguage{ngerman}±3 hours centered
around solar noon. Our analysis showed a clear concave-shaped, diurnal
trend in NDVI for both crops, with the lowest NDVI at solar noon. More
analyses will be performed to quantify this diurnal pattern and dissect
the sources of variation due to solar angle and change in canopy
morphology. This research will further improve the accuracy and
relevance of NDVI in plant phenotyping and many other scientific
disciplines and applications.%
\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{ngerman}%



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\emph{\textbf{Junxiao Zhang\textsuperscript{1}}, Geng(Frank)
Bai\textsuperscript{1}, Nipuna Chamara\textsuperscript{1}, Yufeng
Ge\textsuperscript{1,2}}

\emph{\textsuperscript{1}Department of Biological Systems Engineering,
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA}

\emph{\textsuperscript{2}Center for Plant Science Innovation, University
of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA}

\textbf{ORCiD:} {[}0000-0002-2339-7077{]}

\textbf{Keywords:} Remote Sensing, NDVI, Plant Phenotyping, Diurnal,
PRI, Plant Coverage, Solar Zenith Angle

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