Serum fructose and uric acid levels are simultaneously elevated in women with PCOS than those in the control women
Serum fructose and uric acid levels were markedly higher in women with PCOS than those in the controls (P < 0.001; Table 1). To assess the impact of metabolic characteristics on cases and controls, we compared the serum fructose and uric acid levels in participants with several PCOS-related metabolic disorders (Table S1-4).
In lean, overweight and obese subgroups, serum fructose and uric acid levels were higher in women with PCOS than those in the corresponding controls (P < 0.001), and these levels tended to increase with an increase in BMI (Table S1). Second, serum fructose and uric acid levels were higher in patient with PCOS, irrespective of insulin resistance. Moreover, serum fructose and uric acid levels were significantly higher in the insulin-resistant group, regardless of the PCOS status (Table S2). Third, in both the dyslipidemia and normolipidemia subgroups, serum fructose and uric acid levels were higher in women with PCOS than those in the corresponding controls (Table S3). Finally, independent of the presence of metabolic syndrome, serum fructose and uric acid levels were higher in women with PCOS than those in control women, and PCOS women with metabolic syndrome presented with higher serum fructose and uric acid levels (Table S4).
In summary, serum fructose and uric acid levels were simultaneously elevated in women with PCOS than those in control women, regardless of their metabolic status. Moreover, patients with PCOS-related metabolic disorders exhibited higher fructose and uric acid levels.