Figure 1: Locations of six traditional medicine markets/shops across five provinces visited during this study (visualised using Google Earth https://earth.google.com). Visuals surveys and tissue sampling carried out at locations marked red: A = Pretoria Muthi Shop (-25.73872°, 28.17838°), B = Faraday Muthi Market (-26.21167°, 28.04538°), C = Pietermaritzburg Muthi Shop (-29.58974°, 30.39069°), D = Warwick Muthi Market (-29.85483°, 31.01055°). Visual surveys only carried out locations marked white: E = Ga-Mokekolwana (-23.89158°, 29.44961°), F = Kwa Mai Mai Traditional Market (-26.20710°, 28.05894°).

Note: Muthi is the IsiZulu word for both modern and traditional medicine. ‘Muthi market’ is a term generally used by South Africans (regardless of culture) in reference to traditional medicine shops.