Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Zahida Qureshi and Jenipher Okore (Kenya), Hadiza Galadanci and Aminu Ado Wakili (Nigeria), Elani Muller (South-Africa), and Fadhlun M. Alwy Al-beity and Juma Makungu (Tanzania), for their help with local sample collection.
Disclosure of InterestsRelated to the present study AA and AMG report a BMGF grant to the University of Birmingham for Concept Foundation. Outside the study, AA and AMG report a grant from the BMGF to Concept Foundation for landscaping the need for accelerating innovation for mothers. AA and AMG report funding from MSD for Mothers paid to the Concept Foundation. PL reports grant funding from Johnson & Johnson, the Victoria Medical Research Acceleration Fund and the Australian Federal Government Accelerating Commercialisation Programme to Monash University to support development of a heat- stable inhaled oxytocin product for management of PPH in low- resource settings. Other authors report no conflicts of interest.