Figure C 2: GC-MS Chromatogram for Geranyl benzoate
GC-MS analysis including chromatograms of all alcoholic leaf extracts of S. mombin and Geraniin are presented in the supplementary data (S#). The supplementary Table S1, complimented with Figure C 1, revealed 51 phytochemical compounds from crude ethanolic S. mombin leaf extract, which is in contrast with reports by Akanji and co-workers (Akanji, 2020), that identified 25 compounds in SME crude leaf extract. The difference, in conclusion, maybe due to a possible effect of the geographical location of the medicinal plant (Behdad et al., 2020). Geranyl benzoate, as presented in the chromatogram in Figure C 2, was identified in the crude ethanolic extract of S. mombin leaf extract. Hence, Geranyl benzoate (1.06 %) is reported for the first time in ethanolic S. mombinleaf extract, although it has been reported to have been identified as one of the compounds found in chestnut and highland honey (station 11) (Kanbur et al., 2021).
Geraniin was reported to have been isolated from ethanolic leaf extract of S. mombin (Corthout et al., 1991), but was not identified in the GC-MS analysis of our current study, partially due to the method of identification.
The GC-MS analysis as presented in Supplementary Tables S3, S4 and S5. are phytochemicals identified from fractionated ethanolic leaf extract of S. mombin with 78, 52 and 12 compounds in SMEH, SMEDCM and SMEEA, respectively. There were three compounds identified to have the highest compositions in SMEH; Toluene (9.56%), n-Nonadecanol-1 (7.46%) and Tetradecane (5.23%). Pharmacologically, Tetradecane is reported to possess anti-microbial, anti-pyretic, anti-helmintic and Tuberculosis effects (Diwan and Malpathak, 2011). Similarly, in SMEDCM, Benzaldehyde, 2-chloro- (9.51%), l-(+)-Ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate (7.67%) and Heptadecane (6.30%) were identified to have the highest compositions. Out of these three compounds identified, l-(+)-Ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate and Heptadecane were reported by other researchers to possess anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory (Shyamala and Manikandan, 2019, Dulara et al., 2019).
The SMEEA fraction contained Phytol, acetate (28.48%), 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol (20.45%) and Eicosane (19.00%) as the highest percentage compositions. Eicosane has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects (Godara et al., 2019, Dulara et al., 2019).
Similarly, by GC-MS analysis of fractionated methanolic leaf extracts ofS. mombin (SMM) as presented in S5, S6, S7 and S8. The extracts SMMH, SMMDCM and SMMEA showed 55, 45 and 40 compounds identified, respectively. The highest percentage composition in the fraction of SMMH is, n-Nonadecanol-1 (18.98%), Toluene (11.46%) and 1-Butene, 2,3,3-trimethyl (5.51%). Similarly, SMMDCM fraction had Diisooctyl phthalate (25.74%), Tetrachloroethylene (23.31%) and Eicosane (16.68%), while SMMEA fraction had, Eicosane (29.23%), Diethyl Phthalate (10.79 %) and 1-Heptacosanol (9.88%). 1-Heptacosanol , has anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant and nematicidal effect (Sultana et al., 2010, Murugan and Iyer, 2014).