Case report |
Country; year of study |
Treatment intervention |
Outcome |
Giordano
D’Urso
et al.
(D’Urso et al., 2012)
|
Italy; 2012
|
ECT with Clonazepam, Paroxetine, and Perfenazine
|
● BPRS score decreased by 49% (from 79 to 40); CGI-severity item
changed from
“Among the most extremely ill (7/7)” to
“Markedly ill (5/7)”
● the core component of the same scale showed
a 42% reduction of obsessive-compulsive
symptoms (from 38 to 22)
● HAM-D score decreased from 21 to
9 (57%), and HAM-A from 19 to 10 (47%).
|
Pedro
Duarte-Batista et al.
(Duarte-Batista et al., 2020)
|
Portugal; 2020
|
Bilateral DBS of the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC)/bed
nucleus of stria terminalis (BST) region was performed, using a target
below the BST and a trajectory through the ALIC, with stimulation of
contacts 0 and 3.
|
● Two weeks after surgery, sedatives were suspended and the patient was
successfully extubated.
● One year after surgery the patient reached a YGTSS of 19, representing
an 81% improvement. OCD is completely resolved.
● Adverse events were a superficial infection and weight gain.
● In conclusion, this ALIC/BST stimulation appears to have been an
effective and safe treatment for GTS with OCD in this case.
|
H
Hermesh et al.
(Hermesh et al., 1989)
|
Israel; 1989
|
In one instance, clomipramine was utilized, and in another, behavior
therapy.
|
● Neuroleptics were ineffective in treating catatonic symptoms, whereas
traditional OCD treatments were effective
|
Leonardo
F Fontenelle et al.
(Fontenelle et al., 2007)
|
Brazil; 2007
|
Antiobsessional drugs and anticatatonia measures
|
● Treatment plan for patients with OCD and comorbid catatonia entails a
number of steps, like fine-tuning the antiobsessional therapy, managing
co-occurring disorders that may lead to catatonia, stopping and then
slowly restarting medications.
|
Walter
Jaimes-Albornoz et al.
(Jaimes-Albornoz et al., 2021)
|
Spain; 2021
|
OCD treatment
|
● Optimization of OCD treatment helped to resolve symptoms of catatonia
|
Yuki
Mukai et al.
(Mukai et al., 2011)
|
USA; 2011
|
Aripiprazole, memantine, and lorazepam were among the
psychopharmacological medications used. Addition of fluvoxamine to
target obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)-like symptoms.
A thorough medical examination identified a cervical spine haemangioma,
which was surgically removed and improved neck posture.
|
Clinical improvement was seen after adding fluvoxamine to treat
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)-like symptoms, pointing to OCD as a
potential contributor to this patient’s protracted catatonic
condition.
|
Arya
Nikjoo et al.
(Nikjoo et al., 2022)
|
USA; 2022
|
Lorazepam
|
Catatonic symptoms were successfully treated at the expense of
developing a subtype of OCD known as Scrupulosity.
|
Blacker K.H
(Blacker, 1966)
|
USA; 1966
|
Psychotherapy, phenothiazine
|
Improvement, over the course of 5 years
|
Eryılmaz et al.
(Eryılmaz et al., 2014)
|
Turkey, 2014
|
Aripiprazole,. clozapine, fluvoxamine, clonazepam, and ECT therapy were
used.
|
● Pharmacotherapy was carried out as aripiprazole 30 mg per day,
biperiden 4 mg per day and pimozide 2 mg per day. ECT was begun because
of no responsiveness to pharmacotherapy
● After the third session of ECT, recurrent ritual behavior and
posturing were observed.
● The patient had obsessions such as trying not to forget thoughts in
case they become needed and being able to pass to another thought after
touching things. Pimozide was discontinued.
● Aripiprazole dose was decreased to 20 mg per day. Fluvoxamine 100 mg
per day and clonazepam 6 mg per day were added to the treatment regime.
ECT was discontinued after the 10th session.
● The patient was discharged with partial remission on aripiprazole 20
mg per day, clonazepam 2 mg per day, and fluvoxamine 200 mg per day
|
Elia et al
(Elia et al., 2005)
|
USA; 2005
|
● Plasmapheresis
● Lorazepam
|
● OCD symptoms significantly and quickly improved after plasmapheresis,
and basal ganglia edema also decreased, which is consistent with an
immune-mediated pathophysiological process involving group A
beta-hemolytic streptococci.
● The symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder may be signs
of catatonia as impulsivity, hyperactivity, and inattention decreased
with lorazepam.
|
Jagadheesan et al.
(Jagadheesan et al., 2002)
|
India, 2002
|
Patient1. For catatonic signs, injection lorazepam.
For OCD with catatonia, a combination of clomipramine and risperidone
subsequently combined clomipramine, thioridazine, and buspirone.
Patient2. For catatonic schizophrenia, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).
Then amitriptyline and lithium, with the second trial of ECT and a
combination of imipramine and trifluoperazine.
|
Patient 1. After lorazepam, symptoms were not relieved, and depression
was noted. Then with initial combination therapy, the symptoms worsened.
Subsequent combination therapy relieved the symptoms.
Patient2. Initial ECT and combination therapy were inadequate to
treatment. With the addition of a further second trial of ECT and drugs
responded well.
|
Sachdeva et al.
(SACHDEVA et al., 2015)
|
India, 2015
|
trifluoperazine, fluoxetine, trihexyphenidyl, and phenytoin.
|
● With combination therapy, The patient showed significant improvement
over the subsequent six weeks of admission; the Brief Psychiatric Rating
Scale (BPRS) dropped from 42 to 24,
● the Yates-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms (YBOCS) scale dropped
from 24 to 18, and
● the Global Assessment of Functioning scale (GAF) increased from 25 to
55.
● After 6 months of discharge the patient had good improvement.
|
Makhinson et al.
(Makhinson et al., 2012)
|
USA, 2012
|
olanzapine, lorazepam, and fluoxetine
Then ECT and Combination of above drugs.
|
● She was discharged with lorazepam and fluoxetine. One month after
discharge, revealed continued remission from catatonia but a mild return
of her OCD symptoms.
|