Supplemental information:
Figure
S1 Phenotypes of the different populations of Aquilegia
viridiflora complex in the common garden.
Figure S2 A. k-means cluster analysis of phenotype based on the first
two principal components, B. Principal component analysis (PCA) plot for
the 66 A. viridiflora complex individuals based on the first two
principal components.
Figure S3 Phylogenetic relationship between Aquilegia
viridiflora complex and other columbine species whose distribution was
overlap with Aquilegia viridiflora complex. A. Neighbor-joining
(NJ) tree, B. maximum likelihood (ML) tree.
Figure S4 Correlation analysis between phenotypes. * represents
a significant relationship between different phenotypes, 0.01
< p <0.05. ** represents a significant relationship
between different phenotypes, 0.001 < p <0.01. ***
represents a significant relationship between different phenotypes, p
<0.001.
FigureS5Cross-validation results corresponding to different K values in the
ADMIXTURE analysis of A. viridiflora complex.
Figure S6 A. Median-joining haplotype network of 66 A.
viridiflora complex based on chloroplast genome, B. NeighborNet diagram
based on chloroplast genome.
Figure S7 Five gene flow events of Aquilegia viridiflora complex.
Each branch represents a population, and arrows indicate migration
events that occur between populations.
Figure S8 A. Four groups of possible models for inferring
demographic parameters. The gray arrows represent the current gene flow,
the red arrows represent the ancient gene flow, and the model in the
dotted line is the best model selected according to the values of the
likelihoods and AIC.
Figure S9 Comparison of observed data and expected data based
on the best model for A. NE and EL, B. NE and CN, C. EL and CN, D. NE
and NW, E. EL and NW, and F. CN and NW.
Figure S10 Phenotype of Aquilegia viridiflora complex. A. Corolla
diameter, B petal length (not including spur), C. angle between petals
and spurs, D. spur length, E. pistil length, F. Number of
inflorescences. Except that the difference between the two groups marked
in the figure is not significant, there is a significant difference
between any other two groups.
Figure S11 RDA plot of A. viridiflora complex showing
SNPs with are potentially associated with seven environmental factors.
Table S1 Sampling information and the value of seven
environmental factors.
Table S2. Results of the HyDe.
Table S3. Polymorphisms in the chloroplast genome of A.
viridiflora complex.
Table S4. Haplotype in the chloroplast genome of A.
viridiflora complex.
Table S5. Results of the D-statistics.
Table S6. The AIC value of different models shown in Figure S7.
Table S7. Inferred parameters estimates with 95% confidence
intervals for the best-fitting demographic scenario modelled in
fastasimcoal2.
Table S8. The gene list under the selection.
Table S9. The gene list correlation the environment.