(A) represents the simulated magnetic flux density generated by the coil itself at the top surface of the coil. (B) represents the four different MRE geometries investigated. (C) represents the simulated magnetic flux density at the plane of the air channel, with different MRE membrane  geometries. (D) shows the schematics of the physical experiments and (E) represents the flowrate-current curve of the MRE valves with different MRE membrane geometries. The errorbar indicates the standard deviation among three different trials.