Figure 3. Genome-wide association results for percent red color in dewlaps. (a) Manhattan plots for the LMM implemented in GEMMA (top) and the ancestry-specific association model implemented in asaMap (bottom). The red dashed lines mark the genome-wide significance threshold calculated using the Bonferroni method. A more permissive suggestive significance level is shown using the black dashed lines. (b) Dewlap red percent (log-transformed) values shown for the three loci with the largest PVE. For each genotype class, points show the mean, and the black lines indicate standard error. The numbers shown in parentheses under each genotype class indicate sample sizes.