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Differential patterns of fish sensitization in Asian populations: implication for precision diagnosis
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  • Christine Yee Yan Wai,
  • Nicki Y.H. Leung,
  • Agnes Sze Yin Leung,
  • Naoko Fusayasu,
  • Sakura Sato,
  • Kary J.Y. Xu,
  • Yat S. Yau,
  • Jaime Rosa Duque,
  • Mike Kwan YW,
  • James W. C. H. Cheng,
  • Wai Hung Chan,
  • Gilbert Chua,
  • Qun U. Lee,
  • David C.K. Luk,
  • Po K. Ho,
  • Joshua Wong SC,
  • Ivan C.S. Lam,
  • Gary Wong,
  • Motohiro Ebisawa,
  • Ting Fan Leung
Christine Yee Yan Wai
The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Nicki Y.H. Leung
The Chinese University of Hong Kong
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Agnes Sze Yin Leung
The Chinese University of Hong Kong
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Naoko Fusayasu
Department of Pediatrics National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital Kanagawa Japan
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Sakura Sato
Department of Allergy Clinical Research Centre for Allergy and Rheumatology Sagamihara National Hospital Kanagawa Japan
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Kary J.Y. Xu
The Chinese University of Hong Kong
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Yat S. Yau
Queen Elizabeth Hospital
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Jaime Rosa Duque
The University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine
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Mike Kwan YW
Princess Margaret Hospital
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James W. C. H. Cheng
United Christian Hospital
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Wai Hung Chan
Queen Elizabeth Hospital
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Gilbert Chua
The University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine
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Qun U. Lee
Princess Margaret Hospital
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David C.K. Luk
United Christian Hospital
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Po K. Ho
Queen Elizabeth Hospital
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Joshua Wong SC
Princess Margaret Hospital
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Ivan C.S. Lam
Princess Margaret Hospital
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Gary Wong
The Chinese University of Hong Kong
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Motohiro Ebisawa
Department of Allergy Clinical Research Centre for Allergy and Rheumatology Sagamihara National Hospital Kanagawa Japan
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Ting Fan Leung
The Chinese University of Hong Kong
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Abstract

Background The current diagnostics of fish allergy lack sufficient accuracy such that more reliable tests such as component-resolved diagnosis (CRD) are urgently needed. This study aimed at identifying fish allergens of salmon and grass carp and evaluating the sensitization pattern towards the identified allergens in fish allergic subjects from two distinct populations in Asia. Methods One hundred and three fish allergic subjects were recruited from Hong Kong (67 subjects) and Japan (46 subjects). Western blot and mass spectrometry were used to identify allergens from salmon and grass carp. Fish allergens were purified and tested against 96 sera on ELISA to analyze patients’ sensitization pattern. The protein profiles of salmon meat prepared under different cooking methods until core temperature reached 80°C were evaluated by SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry. Results Three common allergens between salmon and grass carp, namely enolase, glycerldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and parvalbumin, and two salmon-specific allergens collagen and aldolase were identified. Parvalbumin was the major allergen for both fishes showing an overall sensitization rate of 74.7%, followed by collagen (38.9%), aldolase (38.5%) and enolase (17.8%). Japanese subjects showed more diverse allergen sensitization pattern and more frequent IgE-binding to heat-labile salmon allergens. Compared with steaming and boiling, cooking by baking and frying retained more fish proteins inclusive of heat-labile allergens. Conclusions Fish allergic patients from different Asian populations show varying fish allergen sensitization profiles. The relevant extracts and components for diagnosis are population-dependent but parvalbumin and collagen are important biomarkers. Cooking methods modify allergen composition of salmon and appear to influence patients’ allergic manifestations.