References
[1].Goetze JP, Bruneau BG, Ramos HR, Ogawa T, de Bold MK, de Bold AJ. Cardiac natriuretic peptides. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2020;17(11):698–717. doi: 10.1038/s41569-020-0381-0.
[2]. Nakagawa Y, Nishikimi T, Kuwahara K. Atrial and brain natriuretic peptides: Hormones secreted from the heart. Peptides. 2019;111:18–25. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.05.012.
[3]. Volpe M, Carnovali M, Mastromarino V. The natriuretic peptides system in the pathophysiology of heart failure: from molecular basis to treatment. Clin Sci. 2015 4;130(2):57–77. doi: 10.1042/CS20150469.
[4]. Bohn MK, Steele S, Hall A, Poonia J, Jung B, Adeli K. Cardiac Biomarkers in Pediatrics: An Undervalued Resource. Clin Chem. 2021;67(7):947–58. doi: 10.1093/clinchem/hvab063.
[5]. Rodríguez‐González M, Estepa‐Pedregosa L, Estalella‐Mendoza A, Rodríguez‐Campoy P, Romero‐Castillo E, Castellano‐Martínez A, et al. Routine laboratory test to assess the need of respiratory support in acute bronchiolitis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2022. doi: 10.1002/ppul.25870.
[6]. Edwards KD, Tighe MP. How to use N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in assessing disease severity in bronchiolitis. Arch Dis Child - Educ Pract Ed. 2020;105(5):282–8. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2019-316896.
[7]. Daneshmand K, Zaritsky A, Lamb M, LeVine A, Theriaque D, Sanders R. Plasma concentration of N-terminal pro-atrial and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptides and fluid balance in children with bronchiolitis. J Pediatr Intensive Care. 2015;01(03):143–51. doi: 10.3233/PIC-2012-024.
[8]. Rodriguez-Gonzalez M, Perez-Reviriego AA, Castellano-Martinez A, Cascales-Poyatos HM. The Assessment of Myocardial Strain by Cardiac Imaging in Healthy Infants with Acute Bronchiolitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Diagnostics. 2020;10(6):382. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics10060382.
[9]. Palmer SC, Endre ZH, Richards AM, Yandle TG. Characterization of NT-proBNP in Human Urine. Clin Chem. 2009;55(6):1126–34. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2008.121673.
[10]. Palmer SC, Yandle TG, Nicholls MG, Frampton CM, Richards AM. Regional clearance of amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide from human plasma. Eur J Heart Fail. 2009;11(9):832–9. doi: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfp099.
[11]. Müller N, Rothkegel ST, Boerter N, Sumaria K, Breuer J, Freudenthal NJ. Perioperative urinary NT-ProBNP values and their usefulness as diagnostic and prognostic markers in children with congenital heart disease. Clin Chim Acta. 2021;518:28–32. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.03.005.
[12]. Berrington J, Clarke P, Embleton N, Ewer A, Geethanath R, Gupta S, et al. Retinopathy of prematurity screening at ≥30 weeks: urinary NTpro-BNP performance. Acta Paediatr. 2018;107(10):1722–5. doi: 10.1111/apa.14354.
[13]. Naeem B, Ayub A, Aly AM, Malloy MH, Okorodudu AO, Jain SK. Urinary NT-proBNP as a potential noninvasive biomarker for screening of pulmonary hypertension in preterm infants: a pilot study. J Perinatol. 2020 Apr;40(4):628–32.
[14]. Khan SS, Sithisarn T, Bada HS, Vranicar M, Westgate PM, Hanna M. Urinary NT-proBNP levels and echocardiographic parameters for patent ductus arteriosus. J Perinatol. 2017;37(12):1319–24. doi: 10.1038/s41372-019-0581-9.
[15]. Ralston SL, Lieberthal AS, Meissner HC, Alverson BK, Baley JE, Gadomski AM, et al. Clinical Practice Guideline: The Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Bronchiolitis. Pediatrics. 2014;134(5):e1474–502. doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-2742.
[16]. Balaguer M, Alejandre C, Vila D, Esteban E, Carrasco JL, Cambra FJ, et al. Bronchiolitis Score of Sant Joan de Déu: BROSJOD Score, validation and usefulness. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52(4):533–9. doi: 10.1002/ppul.23546.
[17]. Palm J, Hoffmann G, Klawonn F, Tutarel O, Palm H, Holdenrieder S, et al. Continuous, complete and comparable NT-proBNP reference ranges in healthy children. Clin Chem Lab Med CCLM. 2020;58(9):1509–16. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2019-1185.
[18]. Celik IH, Erdeve O, Demırel G, Canpolat FE, Dilmen U. Elevated urinary NT-proBNP after pharmacological closure of patent ductus arteriosus in very low birth weight infants. Early Hum Dev. 2013;89(3):187–9. . doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2012.09.020.
[19]. Naeem B, Ayub A, Aly AM, Malloy MH, Okorodudu AO, Jain SK. Urinary NT-proBNP as a potential noninvasive biomarker for screening of pulmonary hypertension in preterm infants: a pilot study. J Perinatol. 2020;40(4):628–32. doi: 10.1038/s41372-019-0581-9.
[20]. Elgendy MM, Elzayat RS, Abdo M, Elsharkawy HM, Allam M, Midan DA. Urinary N-terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Newborn Infants with Cardiac and Pulmonary Diseases. Am J Perinatol. 2021. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1740213.
[21]. Müller N, Bayer E, Bernhardt C, Breuer J, Freudenthal NJ. Performance of urinary NT-proBNP in ambulatory settings. Clin Chim Acta. 2022;529:4–9. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.01.025.
[22]. Diviney J, Jaswon MS. Urine collection methods and dipstick testing in non-toilet-trained children. Pediatr Nephrol. 2021;36(7):1697–708. doi: 10.1007/s00467-020-04742-w.
[23]. Herreros ML, Gili P, del Valle R, Barrios A, Pacheco M, Sánchez A. Urine collection methods for infants under 3 months of age in clinical practice. Pediatr Nephrol. 2021;36(12):3899–904. doi: 10.1007/s00467-021-05142-4.
[24]. Ng LL, Geeranavar S, Jennings SC, Loke I, O’Brien RJ. Diagnosis of heart failure using urinary natriuretic peptides. Clin Sci. 2004;106(2):129–33. doi: 10.1042/CS20030234.
[25]. Cortés R, Portolés M, Salvador A, Bertomeu V, de Burgos FG, Martínez-Dolz L, et al. Diagnostic and prognostic value of urine NT-proBNP levels in heart failure patients. Eur J Heart Fail. 2006;8(6):621–7. doi: 10.1016/j.ejheart.2005.11.011.
[26]. Müller N, Rothkegel ST, Boerter N, Breuer J, Freudenthal NJ. Urinary values of NT-proBNP in children with congenital heart disease – Is it feasible? Clin Chim Acta. 2020;509:224–7. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.06.015.
[27]. Rodriguez-Gonzalez M, Benavente-Fernandez I, Castellano-Martinez A, Lechuga-Sancho AM, Lubian-Lopez SP. NT-proBNP plasma levels as biomarkers for pulmonary hypertension in healthy infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection. Biomark Med. 2019;13(8):605–18. doi: 10.2217/bmm-2018-0348.
[28]. Rodriguez-Gonzalez, Perez-Reviriego, Castellano-Martinez, Lubian-Lopez, Benavente-Fernandez. Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Plasmatic NT-proBNP Are Associated with Adverse Evolution in Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis. Diagnostics. 2019;9(3):85. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics9030085.
[29]. Thorburn K, Eisenhut M, Shauq A, Narayanswamy S, Burgess M. Right ventricular function in children with severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis. MINERVA Anestesiol. 2011;77(1):8.
[30]. Claudia Massolo A, Vanina Cantone G, Maria Caterina Musolino A, Corsini I, Patel N, Evangelisti M, et al. Myocardial strain on admission predicts disease severity in infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2020;55(5):1217–23. doi: 10.1002/ppul.24712.
[31]. Çullas İlarslan NE, Erdeve Ö, Günay F, Tekin D, Özdemir H, Çiftçi E, et al. Measurement of Urinary Amino-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Childhood Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: An Indicator of Clinical Severity? J Pediatr Res. 2017;200–5. doi: 10.4274/jpr.82905.
[32]. Rodriguez-Gonzalez M, Rodriguez-Campoy P, Estalella-Mendoza A, Castellano-Martinez A, Flores-Gonzalez JC. Characterization of Cardiopulmonary Interactions and Exploring Their Prognostic Value in Acute Bronchiolitis: A Prospective Cardiopulmonary Ultrasound Study. Tomography. 2022;8(1):142–57. doi: 10.3390/tomography8010012.
[33]. Basile V, Di Mauro A, Scalini E, Comes P, Lofù I, Mostert M, et al. Lung ultrasound: a useful tool in diagnosis and management of bronchiolitis. BMC Pediatr. 2015;15(1):63. doi: 10.1186/s12887-015-0380-1.
[34]. Özkaya AK, Yilmaz HL, Kendir ÖT, Gökay SS, Eyüboğlu İ. Lung Ultrasound Findings and Bronchiolitis Ultrasound Score for Predicting Hospital Admission in Children With Acute Bronchiolitis. Pediatr Emerg Care 2018;36(3):e135-e142. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000001705.
[35]. Saenger AK, Rodriguez-Fraga O, Ler R, Ordonez-Llanos J, Jaffe AS, Goetze JP, et al. Specificity of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Assays: Cross-Reactivity with Different BNP, NT-proBNP, and proBNP Peptides. Clin Chem. 2017;63(1):351–8. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2016.263749.
[36]. Semenov AG, Katrukha AG. Analytical issues with natriuretic peptides – has this been overly simplified? EJIFCC. 2016;27(3):189-207.
Figure 1. Correlation between urinary and serum concentrations of NT-proBNP. Abbreviations: NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide; The vertical axis (urinary NT-proBNP/creatinine ratio) is log-10-transformed because of its skewed distribution; and the horizontal axis is expressed as Z-log values adjusted for age(panel A) and log-10-transformed serum NT-proBNP (panel B) . The linear regression curve is shown in a continuous line and the 95% confidence interval (CI95%) in discontinued lines.