Bird and Forest Community Metrics
Across the 244 survey locations, 193 forest bird species were identified. Species richness (X 2Kruskal-Wallis(14) = 219.64, p-value < 0.001) along with functional richness (X 2Kruskal-Wallis(14) = 206.39, p-value < 0.001) varied significantly among forest ecosystems (Figure 3). The spruce/fir forests had the lowest mean number of species at a point, 4.4 (SD = 1.6), and average functional richness, 0.08 (SD = 0.08), while the California mixed conifer forests had the highest mean number of species observed, 16.1 (SD = 3.8), and average functional richness, 0.50 (SD = 0.09). Functional redundancy also varied significantly (X 2Kruskal-Wallis(14) = 123.87, p-value < 0.001) across forest ecosystems. Spruce/fir forests had the lowest functional redundancy, 0.51 (SD = 0.20), while white/red/jack pine forests had the highest average functional redundancy, 0.83 (SD = 0.06).