Covariate correlations
Relationships between forest structure and climate variables were weakly
correlated, with the absolute values of all Spearman rank correlation
coefficients below 0.6 (Figure 3). Correlation coefficients revealed
that the relationship between precipitation and temperature were weakly
positive and significant (R2 = 0.25, p-value =
<0.001), but neither were strongly correlated with
three-dimensional forest structure or productivity. For example, maximum
canopy height was not correlated with precipitation
(R2 = -0.01, p-value = 0.88), but it was weakly
correlated with temperature (R2 = 0.39, p-value =
<0.001). Most forest structure variables were weakly
correlated with each other (Figure 3; Table S4). For example, maximum
canopy height had positive correlations with the coefficient of
variation in LAD vertically (R2 = 0.36, p-value =
<0.001) and horizontally (R2 = 0.17, p-value
= <0.001) and with Shannon’s Diversity of LAD
(R2 = 0.54, p-value <0.001).