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\begin{document}

\title{Dry season source water partitioning in contrasting tropical ecosystems
of Costa Rica}



\author[1]{Sánchez-Murillo, R}%
\author[2]{D. Todini-Zicavo}%
\author[3]{María Poca}%
\author[4]{Christian Birkel}%
\author[5]{Germain Esquivel-Hernandez}%
\author[6]{M. Chavarría-Díaz}%
\author[7]{Giulia Zuecco}%
\author[8]{Daniele Penna}%
\affil[1]{The University of Texas Arlington Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences}%
\affil[2]{Scuola Universitaria Superiore Pavia}%
\affil[3]{Instituto de Matematica Aplicada San Luis}%
\affil[4]{Universidad de Costa Rica}%
\affil[5]{Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica}%
\affil[6]{Programa de Investigación Área de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG) Guanacaste Costa Rica}%
\affil[7]{Universita degli Studi di Padova Dipartimento Territorio e Sistemi Agro-forestali}%
\affil[8]{Department of Agriculture Food Environment and Forestry (DAGRI) University of Florence Florence Italy}%


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  \date{May 26, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Tracer-aided studies to understand source water partitioning in tropical
ecosystems are limited. Here we report dry season source water
partitioning in five unique ecosystems distributed across Costa Rica in
altitudinal (\textless{}150-3,400 m asl) and latitudinal (Caribbean and
Pacific slopes) gradients: evergreen and seasonal rainforests, cloud
forest, P\selectlanguage{ngerman}áramo, and dry forest. Soil and plant samples were collected
during the dry season (2021). Plant and soil water extractions
(triplicates) were conducted using controlled centrifugation. Stem water
extraction efficiency and stem water content were calculated via
gravimetric measurements. Water source contributions were estimated
using a Bayesian mixing model. Isotope ratios in soil and stems
exhibited a strong meteoric origin. Enrichment trends were detected
mainly in stems and cactus samples within the dry forest ecosystem. Soil
profiles revealed nearly uniform isotopic profiles; however, a depletion
trend was observed in the Páramo ecosystem below 25 cm depth. More
enriched compositions were reported in cactus samples for extracted
water volumes above \textasciitilde{}20\% ( \emph{Adj.
r\textsuperscript{2}}=0.34, \emph{p}\textless{}0.01). The most prominent
dry season water source in the evergreen rainforest (74.0\%), seasonal
rainforest (86.4\%), and cloud forest (66.0\%) corresponded with soil
water. In the Páramo ecosystem, recent rainfall produced by trade wind
incursions resulted in the most significant water source (61.9\%),
whereas in the dry forest, mean annual precipitation (38.6\%) and
baseflow (33.1\%) were the dominant sources. The latter highlights the
prevalence of distinct water uptake sources between recent cold front's
rainfall to more well-mixed soil moisture during the dry season.%
\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{ngerman}%



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\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`Iso_ecosystems_CostaRica_Ecohydrology.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/489019/articles/572926-dry-season-source-water-partitioning-in-contrasting-tropical-ecosystems-of-costa-rica}

\selectlanguage{english}
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